推荐回答(2个)
参考下:
工业废气排放总量计算
1.实测法
当废气排放量有实测值时,采用下式计算:
Q年= Q时× B年/B时/10000
式中:
Q年——全年废气排放量,万标m3/y;
Q时——废气小时排放量,标m3/h;
B年——全年燃料耗量(或熟料产量),kg/y;
B时——在正常工况下每小时的燃料耗量(或熟料产量),kg/h。
2.系数推算法
1)锅炉燃烧废气排放量的计算
①理论空气需要量(V0)的计算a. 对于固体燃料,当燃料应用基挥发分Vy>15%(烟煤),计算公式为:V0=0.251 ×QL/1000+0.278[m3(标)/kg]
当Vy<15%(贫煤或无烟煤),
V0=QL/4140+0.606[m3(标)/kg]
当QL<12546kJ/kg(劣质煤), V0=QL//4140+0.455[m3(标)/kg)
b. 对于液体燃料,计算公式为:V0=0.203 ×QL/1000+2[m3(标)/kg]
c. 对于气体燃料,QL<10455 kJ/(标)m3时,计算公式为:
V0= 0.209 × QL/1000[m3/ m3]
当QL>14637 kJ/(标)m3时,
V0=0.260 × QL/1000-0.25[m3/ m3]
式中:V0—燃料燃烧所需理论空气量,m3(标)/kg或m3/m3; QL—燃料应用基低位发热值,kJ/kg或kJ/(标)m3。
各燃料类型的QL值对照表
(单位:千焦/公斤或千焦/标米3)
燃料类型 QL
石煤和矸石 8374
无烟煤 22051
烟煤 17585
柴油 46057
天然气 35590
一氧化碳 12636
褐煤 11514
贫煤 18841
重油 41870
煤气 16748
氢 10798
②实际烟气量的计算a.对于无烟煤、烟煤及贫煤 :Qy=1.04 ×QL/4187+0.77+1.0161(α-1) V0[m3(标)/kg]
当QL<12546kJ/kg(劣质煤),
Qy=1.04 ×QL/4187+0.54+1.0161(α-1) V0[m3(标)/kg]
b.对于液体燃料 : Qy=1.11 ×QL/4187+(α-1) V0[m3(标)/kg]
c.对于气体燃料,当QL<10468 kJ/(标)m3时 :
Qy=0.725 ×QL/4187+1.0+(α-1) V0(m3/ m3)
当QL>10468 kJ/(标)m3时,
Qy=1.14 ×QL/4187-0.25+(α-1) V0(m3/ m3)
式中:Qy—实际烟气量,m3(标)/kg;
α —过剩空气系数, α = α 0+Δ α
炉膛过量空气系数
锅炉类型 烟煤 无烟煤 油 煤气
手烧炉及抛机煤炉 1.40 1.65 1.20 1.10
链条炉 1.35 1.40
煤粉炉
1.20 1.25
沸腾炉
1.25 1.25
备注 其它机械式燃烧的锅炉,不论何种燃料, α 0均取1.3
漏风系数Δα值
漏风部位 炉膛 对流管束 过热器
省煤器 空气预热器 除尘器 钢烟道(每10米) 砖烟道(每10米)
Δα 0.1 0.15 0.05 1.65 0.1 0.05 0,01 0.05
③烟气总量的计算
Q总= B× Qy式中:Q总—烟气总量,m3(标)/y;
B— 燃料耗量,kg/y;
Qy—实际烟气量,m3(标)/kg。
2)水泥回转窑排出烟气量的计算
①水泥回转窑排出烟气量一般按下列经验数据选取:
a. 湿法回转窑 3.5~4m3(标)/kg熟料b. 干法回转窑 2.4m3(标)/kg熟料c. 一次通过立波窑 5m3(标)/kg熟料d. 二次通过立波窑 4m3(标)/kg熟料 其中热排风机前 3m3(标)/kg熟料e. 立筒热热窑 2.4m3(标)/kg熟料f. 旋风预热窑 2.3m3(标)/kg熟料
② 水泥立窑废气量的估算
计算公式:
Q年= M × Qa × K1 × K2式中:Q年—立窑排放的年废气量,m3(标)/y;
M—立窑熟料全年产量,kg/y;
各种燃料的标煤折算表
Qa—单位熟料的废气生成量,m3(标)/kg(熟料),一般为1.6~2.0m3(标)/kg(熟料);
K1—生产不均匀系数,机立窑K1=1.0,普通立窑K1=1.3~1.5;
K2—漏风系数,机立窑K2=1.15~1.25,普通立窑K2=1.3~1.4。
③ 水泥生产中非熟料烧制的废气计算
在水泥生产过程中,除水泥熟料烧制外,原料破碎、烘干、包装、粉磨等生产过程中也产生一定量的废气, 一般,每公斤熟料排放这类废气1.5 m3(标)。
说明:标准煤是以一定的燃烧值为标准的当量概念。规定1千克标煤的低位热值为7000千卡或29274千焦。若未能取得燃料的低位热值,可参照上表的系数进行计算,若能取得燃料的低位热值为Q可按以下的公式进行计算。
标煤量=燃料的耗用量*Q/7000 (低位热值按千卡计)
标煤量=燃料的耗用量*Q/29274 (低位热值按千焦计)
固体废物的计算
粉煤灰和炉渣产生量的计算
煤炭燃烧形成的固态物质,其中从除尘器收集下的称为粉煤灰,从炉膛中排出的称为炉渣。锅炉燃烧产生的灰渣量与煤的灰分含量和锅炉的机械不完全燃烧状况有关。
灰渣产生量常采用灰渣平衡法计算,由灰渣平衡公式可导出如下计算公式:锅炉炉渣产生量(GZ):
锅炉粉煤灰产生量(Gf):
式中:B—锅炉燃煤量,t/a;
A—燃煤的应用基灰分;
η—除尘效率,%;
CZ、Cf—分别为炉渣、粉煤灰中可燃物百分含量,%。
一般CZ=10%~25%,煤粉悬燃炉可取0~5%;Cf取15%~45%,热电厂粉煤灰可取4%~8%。CZ、Cf也可根据锅炉热平衡资料选取或由分析室测试得出。
dz、dfh—分别表示炉渣中的灰分,烟尘中的灰分各占燃煤总灰分的百分比,%。dz=1-dfh,当燃用焦结性烟煤、褐煤或煤泥时,dfh值可取低一些,燃用无烟煤时则取得高一点。
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