推荐回答（3个）
计算机由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备等五个逻辑 计算机硬件部件组成。
计算机硬件组成： 硬件 主要部件 主板 南桥 北桥 电源控制 内存插槽 显卡插槽 扩展接口 PCI 扩展口 网卡接口 硬盘接口 打印接口 串口（com 口） Usb 接口 IDE 接口 控制接口（跳线） 电源与温度控制 CPU（要素） 核心数量 主频 倍频 一级缓存 二级缓存 内存 硬盘 显卡 电源 辅助部件 显示器 光驱 机箱 声卡 键盘鼠标 外接设备 打印机
摄像头 麦克风 手写板 绘图仪 投影机 扫描仪 外部存储介质（优盘、移动硬盘，外置光驱）
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1024731.htm
由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备五大部分组成
输入设备
是计算机从外部获取信息的设备。常见输入设备鼠标、键盘、扫描仪、数码相机、手写式输入设备、话筒等。
输出设备
将计算机处理的结果以人们能够识别的形式表现出来的设备。常见输出设备有显示器、打印机、绘图仪、音箱等。
10.存储器
计算机中暂存或长时间保存信息的部件。存储器分为内存储器和外存储器。
运算器
运算器是计算机进行算术运算和逻辑运算的部件。
控制器
控制器是控制计算机各部件运行的部件。
这个比较麻烦点。分类点不同，类别也不一样。
1
服务器。个人电脑（PC）。
2
从逻辑上理解 计算机分为 控制器 运算器 存储器 输入输出设备（I/O） 这仅仅是逻辑便于深刻理解。
3
硬盘。CPU，内存。显卡。
4
...................
具体可参考相关资料。。
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