推荐回答(4个)
太空环境非常恶劣,不仅有可怕的高真空、缺氧、极度的温度变化和宇宙辐射,而且还有来自陨星、微流星体和空间碎片的危害,所有这些都可能危及航天员的身体健康和生命安全。
人们在地面上生活,受到大气层的保护;航天员离开地球,乘坐载人飞船或航天飞机进入太空,受到航天器内环境控制与生命保障系统的保护。它们不仅提供正常的大气压力和充足的氧气,而且还保证适当的温度和湿度,另外,这些航天器的结构本身也能有效防止宇宙辐射、陨星、微流星体和空间碎片的危害。
在航天飞行过程中,如果航天器被外来物体击穿,或者航天器发生某些故障,会造成舱内压力快速下降,这时航天员的生命就会受到威胁。舱内航天服具有充气加压和应急供氧的重要功能,在舱内压力快速下降时,舱内航天服可以起到保护航天员生命安全的关键作用。
舱内航天服是在载人航天器舱内使用的航天服,这种航天服是在航空中的高空飞行密闭服(简称压力服)的基础上发展起来的。压力服充气加压时呈拟人状态,人穿着压力服,全身可以处于同一、均匀的大气压力环境中。
航天员一旦离开载人航天器进入毫无遮拦的太空,靠什么来保护自己呢?只有依靠舱外航天服。否则,航天员可能一分钟也活不下去。
舱外航天服其主要功能是防止真空、热辐射/热沉等近地轨道空间环境因素对人体的危害,具有气密、承压、隔热和一定的抗微流星体、空间碎片冲击等性能,并具有良好的关节结构活动性能和面窗视觉防护能力,可保证航天员在飞行器表面的正常操作活动,是舱外航天服装备的关键设备。舱外航天服由舱外压力服和真空屏蔽隔热服等组成。
舱外压力服是在航空全压服和舱内压力服的基础上发展起来的功能密闭服,能够承受气体余压环境(舱外压力服内的气压大于舱外航天服外的压力环境),具有足够视野和灵活的关节活动结构,借助于舱外航天服生命保障系统充气加压,呈拟人形态,人在其内全身处于同一、均匀的气压和有氧环境,保障航天员免受真空和缺氧环境对人体的危害,是保证航天员生命安全和实现航天服工效的主体。
真空屏蔽隔热服亦称“热和微流星防护服”,通常包括真空屏蔽隔热躯干肢体服和航天靴外罩。真空屏蔽隔热服套在舱外压力服外面,故有人也将其称之为“外罩”,保护舱外压力服和防护空间热辐射。真空屏蔽隔热服与舱外压力服一起,对微流星体、空间碎片具有一定的防护作用
经过试验,正确的结果是会在1到2分钟之内因窒息(缺氧)而死。
这是NASA给出的官方解释:http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970603.html
这个解释是最权威的,其他的都不可信。
有些电影里的描述,比如爆炸而死、冻裂而死、身体变形什么的都是纯属猜测,不会发生。
裸露在太空时,缺氧是最主要的危险。气压低并不是根本致死原因,因为人有血压(内压),保证血液不会沸腾。至于辐射、低温什么的,只有在氧气有供应时才会体现出效果来。
在太空中高度真空,极度寒冷,充满了宇宙射线,宇航服就是为宇航员们防护这些的,起到保温、抗压、防辐射的作用,还能够提供所需要的氧气。如果没有宇航服的防护,暴露在太空中的人就会很快憋死、低气压胀死、冻死或晒死、宇宙射线杀死。
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