推荐回答(4个)
历经两百数十年之久
沐英早年投奔朱元璋(即后来的明太祖),入仕以后,阵前幕后,屡建功勋,为朱明王朝统一大业的完成立下了汗马功劳,并在云南创建起了明代历史上颇具影响的沐氏家族。其后,沐英及其子孙在代表朱明皇室镇守云南的二百数十年中,一面设法巩固和加强与朱明皇室原有的亲情关系,维护和扩大沐氏家族的权位和家业;一面采取各种手段和方法,平息云南及其周边地区的变乱活动,处理与东南亚国家和地区的关系,逐步建立和健全云南的军事与行政管理体系,恢复和发展云南的社会经济与文化教育事业,提高沐氏家族成员自身的文化与军事素质,既达到了维护朱明皇室对云南的管辖权、巩固沐氏家族在朝廷之中的地位、确保沐氏家族既得权益的主观目的,又收到了稳定云南社会秩序、开发和建设云南边疆、改善云南各族人民的生产和生存环境、增进云南各兄弟民族及明朝政府与东南亚国家和地区之间的友好往来、维护多民族国家的统一的客观效果。经过三代人数十年的拼搏,在朱明皇室的大力扶持下,云南沐氏家族不仅使自己的世袭爵位从侯爵上升到了公爵,达到了明代非朱明宗室臣民爵位的顶峰,进入了极盛时期,而且为后代子孙加官晋级、累增产业、长享富贵,奠定了牢实的基础。进入明中期以后,在朱明王朝政治日益腐败、国内政局动荡不安、周边形势岌岌可危的大趋势下,沐氏家族尽管也是人才日渐凋零、世爵传袭几经波折、权位起伏无常,但终究衰而不亡。朱明王朝灭亡后,沐氏家族继续效忠于南明朝廷,尽心竭力维护永历朝廷的利益,还曾与孙可望、李定国等率领的明末农民起义军余部在扶明抗清的旗帜下坚持合作。尽管由于各种原因,云南沐氏家族最后既未能改变自身覆灭的命运,也未能与农民军一道拯救朱明皇室于危亡,但是他们之间的合作与共同努力,有力地支援了当时中原地区各族人民反抗满清统治者民族高压政策的正义斗争,为维护中原地区较先进的汉文化、保证社会的发展和进步等,发挥了积极的作用,同时使僻处西南一隅的南明永历朝廷又得以苟延残喘十数载,云南沐氏家族也因此得以与朱明皇室相伴走过这漫长的历史之旅。沐氏家族之嗣爵者世代充任镇守云南总兵官,是法定的云南最高军事长官,同时在云南行政、司法、经济等领域也拥有相当大的职权和影响力,但是其权位之低昂取决于朱明皇室,其职权还受到朱明朝廷派驻云南的其他地方守臣的监督和牵制。他们不是真正的诸侯、藩王、土司或流官,却同时兼有诸侯、藩王、土司和流官的某些特点和权益。这一切,是朱明朝廷在元、明时期云南特定的历史背景和条件下,根据沐氏家族自身的表现等,在云南实行既不是完全意义上的分封制度或土司制度、又有别于以流官为特征的省府州县制度或郡县制度的亚分封制的结果。云南沐氏家族之成与败、得与失的历史,既渗透和凝聚了沐氏家族十几代人的欢笑与血泪,又以自己切身的体验、亲身的经历和铁的事实,证明了朱明朝廷在云南实行的亚分封制的历史作用,为后世“齐家”、“治国”者教育子孙后代、制定正确的边疆治理模式、稳健国家建设和发展的步伐等,积累了宝贵的历史经验和教训。
沐英家族镇守云南的二百余年间,均代表明朝政府对云南及周边各国的少数民族行使封赏、征伐等政策,使得“沐国公”这一称谓在云南少数民族中享有极高的威望。最后竟成了对沐英及其后人的统一称呼。这个习惯也被云南老百姓一直保留到了今天
最后一个黔国公沐天波,是黔宁昭靖王沐英的第十一世孙、崇祯三年,父启元薨,嗣立,挂征南将军印。最后被吴三桂所杀,黔国公这个称号就此结束。至于后人应该还有,但是没有怎么记载了。
我不像一楼那么絮絮叨叨。可能楼主也是突发奇想地好奇吧,但是一般这种问题最好查看明史。一般找不到答案。只知道沐英是和另外一名将领班师回京的时候,朱元璋先招另一名姓邓的将领回去,沐英暂时留在云南。结果,沐氏家族成为云南镇守者。沐英还针对少数民族的大象发明了特殊的对战方法,第一排用火枪射击时,第二三排待命;第一排射完了,第二三排射击,第一排装火药,以保持永久的火力。只能这样捏。
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