推荐回答(2个)
魔方是由匈牙利 布达佩斯商用艺术学校教师鲁比克发明的,目的是为了增强学生的三维空间想象能力。
魔方是一个正方体,每个面由9个小方块组成,同一面的每个小方块上都涂上同一种颜色,一共是6种颜色,转动这些小方块竟能组成 8!×37×12!×210 =43,252,003,274,489,856,000 ≈4×1019种不同的颜色组合图案!大约为4000亿亿种。
为了便于描述及记忆,我们定义一下魔方各个方块的名称:
角方块:8个顶角上的方块,每个方块只看到3面,有3种不同颜色;
棱方块:两个角方块之间的方块,整个魔方有12条棱故共有12个棱方块,每个方块只看到2个面,有2两种颜色;
中方块:每个面中央的方块,它只露出一面。
我们再分析一下上面的计算:
8!(8个角方块可能有8个位置) ×37(8个角方块各有3种不同的颜色朝向,注意不是38,因为决定了7个角方块方向后,第8个角方块的方向也就固定) ×12!(12个梭方块各有12个可能的位置,但11个梭方块也决定第12块的位置,故应为12!×1/2) ×210(12个梭方块各有2个不同颜色朝向,同样11个梭方块的方向也决定 了第12个梭方块的方向,故为211)。
1974年夏天,鲁比克 成功地设计了这个机械装置,在兴奋之余随意旋转几下小方块,却发现被扭乱了的立方体无法还原。后来他花了几个星期的时间去研究各小方块之间的位置关系才恢复原状。
魔方玩法
把颜色已经搅乱了的各个面还原到每个面都是一种颜色,这也是魔方的基本玩法。
方法一:先解决上层(或称顶层,当然若倒过来放则称底层),然后底层,最后是中间层。
方法二:先解决底层,然后中层,最后是顶层。
魔方图案
1.色心 RsUsFsRs'Us2(见标题左)
2.驴桥 (RsFs)3(见标题右)
3.龙 (FaRa)3
4.十二曲桥 (FaRa)3Us2
5.巨介子 BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF
6.双环 BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DB2RaU2Ra'B2D'
7. 6U L'R2F'L'B'UBLFRU'RLRsFsUsRs
8.蛇 BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DR2D'
9.虫 RUF2D'RsFsD'F'R'F2RU2FR2F'R'U'F'U2FR
10.五彩十字
11.双重介子 BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF (R'D2RB'U2B)2
12.十字 (R2D2)2Rs2(D2L2)2UFsUs2FsD2Fs2U
注:以上表示法均为美国魔方大师辛马斯特的算子表示法:
以英文Up(上)、Down(下)、Front(前)、Back(后)、Left(左)、Right(右)的第一个字母分别来表示魔方的上、下、前、后、左、右六个面,即U(上)、D(下)、F(前)、B(后)、L(左)、R(右)。当旋转魔方的右层时,从右侧看,若按顺时针方向转动90°,则用R表示这一旋转动作,若按反时针方向转动90°,则用R'表示这一旋转动作,若按顺时针方向转动180°,则用R2来表示。另外,将夹层的运动RL'简单记作Rs(表示左右两层同时以右层为基准的顺时针方向转动90°),并将夹层的运动RL简单记作Ra(即右层顺时针转90°,左层则与之反方向旋转90°),而(RsFs)3则表示将RsFs的动作重复做3次。
还原六面同色:
方法一:先解决上层(或称顶层,当然若倒过来放则称底层),然后底层,最后是中间层。
方法二:先解决底层,然后中层,最后是顶层。
http://www.ahtvu.ah.cn/jxc1/zhykch/3002/wwww.files/c2.htm
全程讲解,大量图
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