推荐回答(2个)
日本的茶道,其渊源与夹山寺一脉相承,而夹山是中日禅茶文化的源头茶道始于中国,发扬光大于日本。茶道与禅宗,殊途同归,而又相辅相成,故“茶禅一味”被视为日本茶道的最高境界。日本茶道历史,可分为三个大阶段,首先,远在隋唐,当我国茶文化入“经”成“道”,并与禅开始随缘联姻时,即有多批日僧前来“留学”,最早给日本带去了中国的佛与茶,始展日本茶文化的“东方第一枝”。其次,两宋时期,我国禅宗与茶文化已达盛时,“取经”的日僧络绎不绝。名僧荣西两度入宋,居留中国达24年之久,带回了禅味浓烈的中国茶道,并著《吃茶养生记》,在日本再度掀起了茶的浪潮。再次,公元15世纪至16世纪,在中国禅宗教义和“茶禅一味”理念的刺激和引导下,一种以崭新的精神和形式出现的茶道———草庵茶,在日本茶文化史上掀开了辉煌的一页,其先驱者便是村田珠光(日本茶道的开山祖)。
日本学者村井康彦在《茶的文化史》中说,跟随一休大师参禅的珠光得到了圆悟克勤的墨迹,并运用于茶道(茶室中挂的书画)。这便是“墨迹开山”典故的由来。日本井口海仙的《茶道入门》也说,(珠光)经过艰苦的修炼,最终成为一休大师的弟子,并从大师处得到了圆悟克勤的墨迹。在修行中,达到了“茶禅一味”的境界。中国茶文化研究学者滕军博士在《日本茶道文化概论》中称,圆悟的墨迹成了茶与禅结合的最初的标志,成为了茶道界最高的宝物……人们走进茶室时,要在墨迹前跪下行礼,表示对圆悟的敬意。珠光的这一举动,开辟了禅茶一味的道路。由此,他被确立为日本茶道的开山祖。
由此可知,无论日本茶道还是中国茶禅一味文化,其发源地都在中国夹山,都得到了不同程度的发展,只是日本茶道文化发展的更辉煌
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