在“测定小灯泡的额定功率”实验中,张超同学用一个电压表、一个电流表、一个开关、电压为6V的电源、额定

2025-04-07 21:47:58
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)∵P=UI
∴灯泡正常发光时的电流不大于I=

P
U
=
1.5W
3.8V
≈0.39A<0.6A,因此电流表选择0~0.6A;
灯泡正常发光时,滑动变阻器两端电压U=U-UL=6V-3.8V=2.2V,
∵I=
U
R

∴此时滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值为R=
U
I
=
2.2V
0.39A
≈5.64Ω,
灯泡正常发光时的电流约为0.39A,则滑动变阻器应选:“20Ω 1.5A”.
(2)电流表选择0~0.6A,滑动变阻器、灯泡、电流表串联接入电路,如图所示:

(3)灯泡两端的电压等于额定电压时,灯泡正常发光,即电压表示数等于3.8V;
则灯泡的额定功率:P=UI=3.8V×0.4A=1.52W;
∵I=
U
R

∴小灯泡的电阻:R=
U
I
=
3.8V
0.4A
=9.5Ω;
(4)连接好最后一根导线,灯泡立即发光,说明在连接电路过程中开关没有断开;发出明亮耀眼的光并很快熄灭,说明电路中的电流太大了,把灯丝烧断了,这是由于滑动变阻器的滑片没有移到最大阻值处造成的.
故答案为:(1)0~0.6;“20Ω,1.5A”;(3)3.8;1.52; 9.5.
(4)①连接电路时开关未断开;②连接滑动变阻器时电阻未调到阻值最大处.

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