种向日葵要注意什么?

如题。拜托各位高手~
2025-02-07 16:07:35
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

芽适温:22-30℃
播种期:全年最低温度8℃以上;
生长适温:15-35℃
开花期:播种后60-80天左右;
育苗:种子点播人土深约1公分,约经5-7天即可萌芽,待苗本叶具4-6枚时再移植。亦可将种子直接点播于盆内。每个7寸盆可植一株。覆土到看不到种子的程度,充分浇水。
栽植:栽培土质以肥沃之砂质壤土或壤土为佳,排水及日照力求良好,日照不足不易开花。不宜在低地种植。定植成活后即可施肥,三要素或各种;
有机肥料均理想,并在根基部培土,以求固植株以防倒伏。花蕾开成后宜;
多灌水,保持土壤。

回答2:

我也种了向日葵,在初8播种(浙江台州),现在有30-40厘米了.浙江临海是最早大规模种的,现在不多了,以后我们可以多交流了......

向日葵向日葵此名乃直接取自它的属名Helianthus ,希腊语helios意为太阳,anthos意为花。
育苗:种子点播人土深约1公分,约经5-7天即可萌芽,待苗本叶具4-6枚时

再移植。亦可将种子直接点播于盆内。每个7寸盆可植一株。覆土到看不

到种子的程度,充分浇水。

栽植:栽培土质以肥沃之砂质壤土或壤土为佳,排水及日照力求良好,日

照不足不易开花。不宜在低地种植。定植成活后即可施肥,三要素或各种

有机肥料均理想,并在根基部培土,以求固植株以防倒伏。花蕾开成后宜

多灌水,保持土壤。
繁栽要点 以种子方式繁衍后代,播种时以泥炭土为宜。向日葵对光线要求度较高,对温度则忍受范围大,适合温度摄氏15-30度,但仍以夏季生长较为迅速。由于光线需求度高,新陈代谢快,因此水份需求度高,宜经常灌溉浇水,保持土壤之潮湿,夏天可每天浇水。以有机肥拌入培养土中为最佳之方式;除此之外亦可视植株状况追加化学肥料。

向日葵的管理
1、查苗补苗 向日葵是双子叶植物,顶土出苗费劲,再加上整地、播种质量不高或播后遇雨表土板结,或病、虫、鼠、雀等危害,易造成缺苗断垄。缺苗后要及时补种,将种子浸泡催芽露白后,及时补种。缺苗少的要移密补稀,带土移栽,浇好定根水。
2、中耕除草 主要是除草松土,破除板结,保蓄水分,减少蒸发。1—2对真叶期结合间苗、定苗,进行浅中耕8-10厘米;第二次中耕在定苗后7-8天进行;第三次中耕要在封行之前,这次中耕要深,并可结合追肥、培土进行。
3、巧施追肥 据试验:食用种以8叶期和始花期分两次追肥或8叶期一次追肥产量最高,油用种则以现蕾时一次追肥效果好。追肥方法,穴施是在距向日葵根茎10-15厘米处开小穴,施入化肥后随即覆土掩埋;条施是用开沟器在行间开长沟,撒入化肥后覆土耧平。据试验,追施化肥后覆土3厘米的吸收利用率为30-40%,肥力维持15-20天,覆土10厘米的吸收利用率可达50—70%,肥力可维持35—40天。一般每亩追尿素7-10公斤,还可追磷铵20—25公斤或氯化钾10公斤左右。发现植株缺乏微量元素肥料时,可用0.005%的锌、锰、硼、钼等溶液喷施叶面,既能增产,也能提高含油量。
4、及时打杈 在现蕾至开花阶段有些向日葵品种在叶腋间长出分枝,徒耗养分。打杈要“打早打小”。千万注意中、上部叶片坚决不能打。据试验,打掉中、上部5-10片叶的,一般减产20-25%,对于生育后期的下部老叶,为了便于通风透光,减少病虫害,可打掉少部分。
5、辅助授粉 主要有两项措施,一是养蜂传粉。据观察,一只蜜蜂1天可完成1.2—1.5万朵小花的传粉任务。一般可增产35—45%。一箱中等强度的蜂群能承担5-6亩地的传粉任务。二是人工辅助授粉。当田间开花株数达70%以上,单盘开花2-3天后,日开花量增多,可进行第一次授粉,以后每隔3天进行一次,共授粉2-3次。

回答3:

向日葵的种植方法更简单,只要在土中挖一深5厘米左右的穴,浇透水后播种即可,也可在穴的一边放种,一边放肥料,掩埋上土即可,可以稍作镇压,但不要踏实。

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