为什么诗经和楚辞是中国文学的2个源头?(求详细解答)
推荐回答(4个)
中国古典文学双璧:诗经与楚辞
梅敬忠
中国古典文学是中华传统文化的辉煌呈现。它源远流长,涵蕴丰厚,充溢着浓烈的民族美学气息,散发着永久的艺术魅力。作为中国文学现实主义和浪漫主义传统的两大源头,《诗经》与《楚辞》以其博大精深的文化内涵和巨大而深刻的影响,雄踞中国传统文化殿堂上座,堪称双璧。欲明了中国文学乃至中国文化的精髓,不可不解读《诗经》与《楚辞》。
《诗经》与中国文学的现实主义传统
中国是一个诗的国度。各民族都有自己独具特色的诗歌作品。诗歌的传统悠久、丰厚而魅力无穷。《诗经》作为我国最古老的一部诗歌总集,标志着中国诗歌文化早就达到了很高的成就。在中国乃至世界文化史上,《诗经》不仅具有巨大的文学价值,而且对于古代历史研究来说,还具有重要的史料价值。可以在《诗经》里找到中国文化传统中的许多元典;《诗经》所蕴涵的精神,关乎中国人的民族性格、民间心声、文化品貌以及治政经验。今日的党政领导干部,完全可以从中吸取许多有益的东西。
楚辞》与中国文学的浪漫主义精神
楚辞,即楚国人的歌词。它是在公元前四世纪(战国后期)产生于南方楚国的一种新的诗歌体裁。《诗经》以后,我国诗坛沉寂了大约三百年;楚辞的出现,把中国诗歌推向了第二个高峰。
与《诗经》质朴的现实主义创作方法有所不同,楚辞是浪漫主义的,它感情奔放,想象奇特,文采华美,风格绚烂,且具有更浓郁的楚国地方特色和神话色彩。与《诗经》古朴的四言诗体也有所不同,楚辞的句式较为灵活,句末常带有一个“兮”字,句中使用许多楚国的方言词语,在节奏和韵律上独具特色,更适于表现丰富复杂的思想感情。
如果说《诗经》代表了当时的中原文化,那么楚辞则是当时南方文化高度发展的产物。楚国僻处南方,具有独特的地理环境和优越的自然条件,政治制度、文化传统和风俗习惯都与中原地区诸国有很大的不同。“楚人信巫鬼,重淫祀”(《汉书·地理志》),楚地巫风盛行,巫歌兴旺。楚国乐舞艺术发达(如编钟乐舞),歌、舞、乐一体的表演形式富有强烈的抒情性和艺术想象力,浪漫而又热烈。南北方文化的交流渐渐扩展。这些因素都有助于楚辞的形成和发展。
《诗经》里面的作品多是以写实性质的劳动人民的生活为主的诗歌,而屈原的《楚辞》则是充满了个人的沉思和幻想,虽然也涉及到了作者的爱国情怀,但是仍是以浪漫主义为主的长篇诗作。因此是中国文学的2个源头,即现实主义和浪漫主义文学的两个源头。
早期黄河流域文化的精粹集合是《诗经》(尤其是没被孔子删改过的),而《楚辞》则是长江流域文化的集成。
而我们中华民族两大文明发源地也就是黄河和长江两大流域。所以中国文学的两个源头是《诗经》和《楚辞》也就不足为奇了。
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