C,C++,MATLAB,Python,Go 哪个比较适合写算法
推荐回答(2个)
仅仅就学习算法,还是C++/Java/C#最适合。
首先,没泛型的语言未必工作不好用,我司现在服务端代码几乎都是go,但是没有泛型,写通用的代码就是不好用。我用Go把半本《算法》实现了一遍,移植了Haskell 的 Parsec 库。这些代码大部分都在我团队的项目里实际使用。你要说 Go 有多熟练未必,但是要说它在语言功能上有多少坑我倒是挺熟悉。没泛型的话算法实现起来太坑人了,别的不说 float32/float64/int8/int16/int32/int64/int 这些数值类型你能都覆盖么?如果只是基于某一组有限的数据类型和问题领域实现一遍,用 go 倒是不错,它环境配置容易,不太依赖ide,但是对ide还是比较友好的,天然集成test,编译快速,模型简单,学习容易,可以说是我用过的静态编译型语言里最像动态脚本语言,最适合快速开发微型工具的。
其次,Python/Ruby 这类语言其实不太适合练习算法实现,它们太“高级”了。例如用Python的时候,你很难规避它的内置容器List和Dict,这些东西封装了太多东西,在学习的过程中容易被干扰。另外没有静态的类型控制,在学习过程中也会失去一些知识。倒不是就会导致你后半生这部分都不能自理,但是需要另外学习。
在我的经验,要学习算法,C++/C#/Java 仍然是比较好的选择,它们的泛型已经比较成熟,能够在学习中建立比较完备的知识概念。可以找到一些比较好的IDE用,我个人其实在工作中不怎么用IDE,但是算法学习的时候,有个不错的IDE可以帮你跟踪代码的运行过程,还能比较容易的做性能分析,这样就可以用动态、直观、形象的视角去理解和观察算法。这对学习非常有帮助。
如果只是在一个特定的领域做知识学习的工具,其实C++反而不算很难,C++的难度主要在于覆盖的领域太广泛,当你要做一个专业的C++程序员,要掌握的东西就太多了。
个人不太建议用C去学习这些东西,需要处理太多跟问题本身无关的事情了。
看需求. 如果十分追求速度那么直接选择C或C++即可; 否则可以选择matlab或py, 动态类型带自动内存回收的语言写起来可以不必太顾虑数据结构本身, matlab还自带很多数学工具写复杂算法会很方便. 而go是专门设计用于开发整个项目的, 速度和灵活性和另外几个相比高不成低不就, 并不很适合专门实现单个算法
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