推荐回答(3个)
这只能靠语感和经验了 比如看到appear 在开头的a一般都发ask的那个音
你问这问题不如问为什么汉字里面有多音字多义词,其实这些都是约定俗成的,大家用时间长了就认定为官方了。
A/a的发音比较复杂,归纳起来有9种情况:
(1)在重读开音节中读[ei]。例如:
plane[plein] radio[’reidiEu]
wake [ weik] paper[’peipE]
但要记住一个例外:have读做[hQv]而不是[heiv]。
(2)在-ange组合中读[ei]。例如:
change[tSeindZ] strange[streindZ] arrange [ E’reind3 ]
(3)在重读音节前的闭音节中一般读[Q]。例如:
activity[Qk’tiviti] transcription[trQns’kripSEn]
有时也读做[E],例如:
accept[Ek’sept] Atlantic[Et’lQntik]
(4)在非重读音节中读做[3]。例如:
substance[’sVbstEns] breakfast[’brekfEst] woman[’wumEn]
(5)在“a-I-辅音字母(除r、w之外)+不发音的e”的非重读音节中一般读做[i]。例如-
comrade[’kOmRId] courage[’kVridZ]
但是,“一ate”中的a不论重读还是非重读都读[ei],例如:
calculate[’kQlkjuleit] late[1eit] hesitate[’heziteit]
这里有两个例外,一是separate的形容词形式,读做[’sepErit],另外一个是climate,读做[’klaimit]。
(6)在wh后面读[O]。例如:
what[wOt] whatever[wOt’evE]
whale是例外,这个单词按照重读开音节读做[weil]。
(7)在W后面读[O:]c例如:
water[’wO:tE] watch[w O:tS] wander[’wO:ndE]
wave和wake是例外,要按照重读开音节分别读做[weiv]和[weik]。
(8)在l前面读[O:]。例如:
chalk[tS O:k] tall[tO:1]
always[’O:Lweiz] talk[tO:k]
但是,shall[SQL] valley[’vQli] shallow[’SQlEu]中读做[Q],wallet读做[’wOlit]。
(9)下列情况下,a发[A:]的音:
①在s之前,例如:
class[klA:s] grass[grA:s]
fast[f A:st] basket[’bA:skit]
例外有两个,haste[heist]和taste[teist],另外passage按照重读闭音节规则读音,读做[’pQsidZ]。
②在“m/n+辅音字母”之前,例如:
advance[Ed’vA:ns] France[fra:ns] dance[da:ns]
例外的是grand[grQnd]
③在th之前,例如:
path[pA:T] rather[’ra:DE]
④在lm之前,例如:
calm[kA:m] palm[pA:m]
⑤在lf之前,例如:
half[ha:f] calf[ka:f]
⑥在f之前,例如:
staff[stA:f] after[’a:ftE] afternoon[’A:ftEnU:n]
此外要说的是 ask中a音标是[a:],在美语口语中a读[æ],在英式口语中读[a:]。美语中很多情况把a读成[æ],例子见上9(1)
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