推荐回答(1个)
一、考点归纳起来有这样几种:
(一)、考基本的对联常识。
要求同学们必须掌握对联的基本常识。对联的要求是字数相等,句式一致,词性相对,结构相应,平仄相对,内容相关。
1、字数相等 。对联可长可短。不管长短,上下联的字数必须相等,上联(出句)是多少字,下联(对句)也应当是多少字。如果字数不相等,除特殊情况外,便不成为对联。
2、句式一致。句式指的是句子节奏形式。上下联相对的句子,节奏形式应当相同。比如:“学问藏今古;文明播东西”,上下联都是“二一二”式。稍长的对联,半联不只一句,上下联句子字数和节奏形式都必须一致。
3、词性相对。对仗要求,原则上是名词对名词,动词对动词,形容词对形容词,以此类推。 4、结构相应。上下联对应的词或短语,最好是并列短语对并列短语,偏正短语对偏正短语,依次类推。例如:“祖国江山好;大地气象新”中,上联“祖国江山”是偏正结构作主语,下联即以“大地气象”偏正结构作主语来对。
5、平仄相对(要求不是太严,所以这里就不讲了)。汉字有四个声调,普通话四声,是阴平(第一声)、阳平(第二声)、上声(第三声)、去声(第四声),前二者是平声,后二者是仄声。这是我们必须了解的今平仄。对联关于平仄的格律,最重要的是,上联末尾字必须是仄声,下联末尾字必须是平声。
6、内容相关。对联的上下联,内容要密切关联,形成一个有机整体,共同表达一个主题。而不能风马牛不相及,或者彼此孤立,各自为政;也不能一轻一重,相差悬殊,那样,内容的关联就不密切了。
例:2002年天津市高中招生试卷中,有这么一题:删改下面句子中画线的部分,使它与前面的句子组成对偶句。 遥望东南,建几处依山楼榭;近看西北角,造起三间临绿水的轩斋。 根据对联的有关常识,我们可以把后半句改为: 近看西北,造三间临水轩斋
(二)、考对名著的了解以及对对联知识的运用。
这要求学生既要有一定的阅读量,又要对对联知识有所了解,2002年大连市中考试卷有这样一题,有一副由美国作家斯诺与剧作家姚克合写的悼念鲁迅的挽联,但由于记忆模糊,上联有两字缺漏,请根据下联补全上联内容。
译著尚未成功,惊闻陨星,中国何人领 , 先生已经作古,痛忆旧雨,文坛从此感彷徨。
从下联的最后两字可以看出,《彷徨》是lu迅的两部著名小说集之一,另一部是《呐喊》,那么上联的最后两字应该添“呐喊”
。。。。。。
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