推荐回答(1个)
谣言:
孩子经常生病是免疫力差,提高儿童免疫力要经常打免疫球蛋白。
辟谣:
经常生病、反复感染的孩子常分为4类:(1)正常儿童(约50%);(2)过敏性鼻炎等特应型疾病患儿(约30%);(3)先天性心脏病等慢性疾病患儿(约10%);(4)免疫缺陷性患儿(约10%)。
免疫缺陷是指孩子的免疫系统存在缺陷或障碍,免疫缺陷性患儿在经常生病反复感染的孩子中约占10%,几率非常低。除了过敏等特应型疾病与发育异常等慢性疾病,大部分孩子免疫力正常。
经常感冒,出现发热、咳嗽等,是因为儿童随着生长发育,从母体继承的免疫能力逐渐减退,而自身免疫能力的增强,需要免疫系统不断锻炼,提高对外来病原的免疫识别能力与清除能力。当孩子随着成长,活动范围扩大,活动能力增强,尤其是进入学前教育后,感染暴露会增加,生病几率增多。这是孩子生长发育中免疫系统不断完善必经的一个过程。
人体免疫系统由免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫活性物质组成。免疫球蛋白是免疫系统产生的一类具有抗体活性的免疫活性物质。可以打的免疫球蛋白专业名称为静注人免疫球蛋白,由健康人血浆制备而成,主要成份为IgG等,仅适用于原发性或继发性的免疫球蛋白缺乏、缺陷性疾病、自身免疫性疾病等。并且临床实验显示,免疫球蛋白半衰期近3周,在人体内基本1个月左右代谢完毕,维持效果有限。
免疫力正常的儿童使用免疫球蛋白,不仅干扰自身免疫系统产生对外界病原的识别清除能力,并且增加发生畏寒、高热等全身性损害,红斑皮疹等皮肤及其附件损害,过敏性休克等免疫功能紊乱和感染,紫绀、心悸等心血管系统损害,头晕、震颤等神经系统损害,喉头水肿等呼吸系统损害,静脉炎等血管损害和出凝血障碍,精神障碍,高血糖等代谢和营养障碍等不良反应的风险。而且由于制备免疫球蛋白的原料来自人血,虽然会对原料血浆进行相关病原体的筛查,在生产工艺中加入了去除和灭活病毒的措施,但理论上仍存在传播某些已知和未知病原体的潜在风险。免疫力正常的儿童为了提高免疫力经常打免疫球蛋白,有百害而无一利。
提高儿童免疫力可以通过:(1)接种疫苗,刺激免疫产生抗体;(2)母乳喂养,从母体获得更多抗体;(3)充足睡眠;(4)适当运动;(5)营养均衡;(6)养成良好卫生习惯等方式。
辟谣专家:朱慧娟,开封市儿童医院药剂科副主任药师
审核专家:贺霞,河南省药学会副主任药师
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