推荐回答（4个）
本病发病原因尚欠清楚近年来的研究认为与以下因素有关： .遗传学说 有研究认为白癜风可能是种常染色体显性遗传的皮肤病国外作者统计%患者有阳性家族史发现单卵双生子中两个均发病国内报道阳性家族史为%～%较国外报道低 .自身免疫学说 自身免疫学说与白癜风的发病关系日益受到重视许多学者注意到患者及其家族成员中合并自身免疫性疾病比率较高常见的有甲状腺炎甲状腺机能亢进或减退糖尿病慢性肾上腺机能减退恶性贫血风湿性关节炎恶性黑色素瘤等而白癜风患者的血清中有人检出多种器官的特异性抗体如抗甲状腺抗体抗胃壁细胞抗体抗肾上腺抗体抗甲状旁腺抗体抗平滑肌抗体等而且检出率明显高另外患自身免疫性疾病者白癜风发病率较般人群高～倍近来又发现白癜风病人有抗黑素细胞表面抗原的抗体称为白癜风抗体其滴度与患者皮肤色素脱失程度有关滴度随皮损面积扩大而增加还发现患白癜风的动物也有类似现象提出该病是黑素细胞的自身免疫性疾病Behl（）发现在进行期白斑边缘有单核细胞聚集侵入真皮表皮交界处由破坏的基底膜进入表皮使该处的黑素细胞及黑素缺如认为本病可能是迟发超敏反应的自身免疫性疾病另外内服或外用皮质激素特别是不按皮节分布的皮损疗效较好也间接证明本病的免疫机理 .精神与神经化学学说 许多临床学家发现精神因素与白癜风的发病密切相关据估计约/的患者在起病或皮损发展阶段有精神创伤过度紧张情绪低落或沮丧紧张可致儿茶酚胺类增高如肾上腺素可直接影响脱色；应激也可使ACTH分泌增加导致皮质激素分泌增加而动员糖和游离脂肪酸刺激胰岛素分泌胰岛素间接刺激大脑的L-色氨酸增加使大脑-羟色胺合成增加而-羟色胺的代谢产物为褪黑素褐黑素受体活动过度在白癜风的发病中起重要作用褪黑素受体活动过度可增加茶碱酶的活性这些酶抑制黑素生化但后期又使其生代活化导致黑素代谢的毒性中间产物在黑素细胞内蓄积使黑素细胞死亡最终引白癜风有学者观察到白斑处神经末梢有退行性变而且变化程度似与病程有关这种现象也支持神经化学学说 .黑素细胞自身破坏（self-destruction of melanocytes）学说 白癜风的基本病变是表皮黑素细胞部分或完全丧失功能Lerner年提出这学说认为白癜风是因其表皮黑素细胞机能亢进促之耗损而早期衰退并可能是由于细胞本身合成的毒性黑素前身物质的积聚所致实验证明某些化学物质对黑素细胞有选择性的破坏作用使皮肤脱色这些物质多属取代酚类化学物质的脱色剂如氢醌单苯醚氢醌叙丁酚双氧水等都对皮肤与毛发有脱色作用白癜风近年来发病有所增加可能与工业的发展接触这类化学物质的机会增加有关 .微量元素缺乏学说 有人提出体内铜含量降低与白癜风发病有关但测定患者血清与毛发的铜含量似乎与般人群无显著性差异有关微量元素学说有待进步研究 .其他因素 外伤包括创伤手术搔抓等可诱发白癜风某些内分泌疾病如甲状腺机能亢进糖尿病等可伴发白癜风日光曝晒易发生白癜风 白癜风的发病学说较多且均有定依据但又都有定的片面性目前认为其发病是有遗传因素又在多种内外因子作用下免疫功能神经与内分泌代谢功能等多方面机能紊乱致使酶系统的抑制或黑素细胞的破坏或黑素形成的障碍而致皮肤色素脱失 而治疗药物一般有以下几种： 补骨脂注射液、苏孜阿甫片、驱虫斑鸠菊注射液、复方卡力孜然酊、外搽白灵酊、复方白芷酊等
梁万兵：“一般而言，面积小、时间短者容易治疗，而对于大面积全身性，时间又较长者治疗就较为困难。“
饮食方面：平时多吃点含酪氨酸与矿物质的食物，如瘦肉，禽蛋，动物内脏，牛奶，新鲜蔬菜，豆类，黑芝麻，葡萄干，硬壳果类等。日常生活方面：保持开朗豁达的胸怀，避免焦躁，忧愁，思虑，悲哀，恼怒等不良情绪刺激，建立良好的起居规律，保持晚上11点到早晨5点的睡眠时间，避免机体生物钟紊乱，神经内分泌失调。劳逸结合避免过度劳累，加强体育锻炼提高机体免疫力。白癜风的出现可能会影响患者的情感，心理，进而给工作和社会关系带来困难，因此可以使用专业的遮盖产品对白斑部位进行修饰从而缓解压力，增强信心。
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