自激振荡的信号频率怎么算

2025-02-08 21:07:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

电子镇流器、电子闪光灯、应急照明灯、电蚊拍、臭氧发生器等的自激振荡电路学名间隙振荡电路。
深入理解下面这段话:
电感两端的感应电势总是阻止电流的变化。当电流增大时,感应电势与电流方向相反;电流减小时,感应电势与电流方向相同。
你可以到我的共享资料里下载一个“电子镇流器原理”看看(第58页)。这种电路均大同小异。
振荡器是有以下几种分类:
根据频率有:低频振荡器,中频振荡器,高频振荡器,超...等。
根据原理有:自激振荡器,他激振荡器,压控振荡器,变频振荡器,石英、RC、LC、....等。
当然电路有许多形式。为了效率高脉冲更有优越性。
在放大电路中,为了改善电路性能,通常引入负反馈(中频区)。当电路附加相移(高频区或低频区)改变了反馈信号的极性时,电路中的负反馈就会变成正反馈。此时,若反馈环路增益满足一定条件,电路就会产生自激振荡。这是有害的,应当消除。
在振荡电路中,人为地引入正反馈,并使反馈环路增益满足一定的条件,那么,电路在没有外部激励的情况下会产生输出信号,即产生自激振荡。无论在放大电路还是在振荡电路中,自激振荡的本质是相同的。即振荡时电路中的反馈一定是正反馈,并且反馈环路增益必须满足一定的条件。
1 .产生正弦波自激振荡的条件
产生正弦波 自激振荡的平衡条件为:
实质上,只要电路中的反馈是正反馈,相位平衡条件就一定满足,这是由电路结构决定的,而幅度平衡条件则由电路参数决定,当环路增益 AF=1时,电路产生等幅振荡;AF<1时电路产生减幅振荡;AF>1时,电路产生增幅振荡。所以自激振荡的起振条件为:
2.选频特性
在振荡电路中,当放大电路或正反馈网络具有选频特性时,电路才能输出所需频率f0的正弦信号。也就是说,在电路的选频特性作用下,只有频率为f0的正弦信号才能满足振荡条件。
3.稳幅措施
如果振荡电路满足起振条件,在接通直流电源后,它的输出信号将随时间的推移逐渐增大。当输出信号幅值达到一定程度后,放大环节的非线性器件接近甚至进入饱和或截止区,这时放大电路的增益A 将会逐渐下降,直到满足幅度平衡条件AF = 1,输出信号将不会再增大,从而形成等幅振荡。这就是利用放大电路中的非线性器件稳幅的原理。由于放大电路进入非线性区后,信号幅度才能稳定,所以输出信号必然会产生非线性失真(削波)。为了改善输出信号的非线性失真,常常在放大电路中设置非线性负反馈网络(如,热敏电阻、半导体二极管、钨丝灯泡等),使放大电路未进入非线性区时,电路满足幅度平衡条件(AF=1),维持等幅振荡输出。这是一种比较好的稳幅措施。
4.正弦波信号发生器的电路组成
正弦波信号发生器一般由 放大电路、正反馈网络、选频网络和稳幅环节组成。其中选频网络既可以包含在放大电路内,也可以包含在正反馈网络之中。 稳幅环节一般由放大电路中的非线性元件或增加非线性负反馈网络实现。

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