一代英主柴荣,驾崩之前,为何破格提拔赵匡胤?

2025-03-07 02:49:09
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

后周世宗柴荣,器貌英伟,善于骑射,性格稳重,待人诚恳。他在位期间,裁冗汰弱、整军练卒、减少赋税、招抚流亡,使历经战乱的中原大地开始复苏。如果不死,柴荣完全可能成为一代明主。然而,天妒英才,他年纪轻轻便因病去世,年仅三十九岁。

那么,柴荣驾崩之前,为何要破格提拔资历较浅的赵匡胤呢?这得从后周历史以及柴荣与赵匡胤的关系说起。

948年,后汉枢密使郭威征讨叛军李守贞,22岁的赵匡胤应募从军,成为了郭威部属。951年,郭威取代后汉,建立了后周,赵匡胤时任禁军近卫班直的东西班行首,即皇帝侍卫,后拜滑州副指挥,一个低级军官。954年,郭威病逝,因亲生儿子全被杀,就把皇位传给妻侄柴荣,是为周世宗。

柴荣继位后,赵匡胤开始崭露头角。柴荣任开封府尹时,赵匡胤是开封府马直军使,老部下。当年,北汉联合辽国进攻后周,柴荣亲征,在高平展开激战,由于先锋将领樊爱能临阵脱逃,后周军队自乱阵脚。这时,柴荣身边只剩张永德和赵匡胤所率的4000名亲兵。面对危机,赵匡胤建议兵分两路进攻,得到柴荣同意后,他与张永德各率一军直扑敌阵,激战中,赵匡胤左臂中箭,他不顾疼痛,继续战斗。不久,增援部队赶到,一举打败汉、辽联军,取得了“高平之战”的胜利,赵匡胤通过此战,几乎成了柴荣的救命恩人,柴荣因此升他为殿前司都虞候,兼严州刺使。

当时,周世宗柴荣手下资历最老、兵权最大的,是张永德和李重进。张永德是郭威的女婿,为殿前司都点检。李重进是郭威的外甥,为侍卫亲军都指挥使。然而,这两位周太祖的至亲而又权柄最重的人,却因为互不买账而产生了矛盾,又因此而引起了周世宗柴荣的怀疑。

事情是这样的。959年,柴荣在北伐辽国的途中,得到一块木牌,上面写着“点检做天子”,这可能是李重进的亲军派系为陷害张永德而为,但让柴荣从此有了心病。北征不久,柴荣染病,不得不回师。回来后,柴荣病情加重,开始安排后事。他封刚刚七岁的长子柴宗训为梁王,让宰相范质、王溥再兼参知枢密院事,集军政大权于一身,加强顾命大臣的职权。同时,解除张永德殿前司都点检一职,改任镇宁军节度使,把他调离了京城,而以赵匡胤为殿前司都点检。从此,赵匡胤成为了禁军最高统帅。

柴荣病故后,宗训即位,是为后周恭帝。随后,在范质的筹划下,李重进也被调离京城,出任淮南节度使。先是张永德,后是李重进,这两位对赵匡胤构成极大压力的大将先后被排挤出权力核心,此时的京城,高级将领的名位都较低,除了侍卫亲军司副都指挥使韩通外,其他将领的名位和影响都在赵匡胤之下。这为赵匡胤兵变,提供了最佳时机和条件。

至于柴荣驾崩之前,为何要提拔赵匡胤,一是赵匡胤对自己有救命之恩;二是李重进、张永德不值得信任;三是赵匡胤是他最信任的人,将兵权交给他,柴荣自认为放心。然而,恰恰是让他最放心的人,夺取了他的帝位。

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