如何鉴别和田玉

2025-03-06 03:31:57
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

 和田玉在古玉器中占有十分重要的地位,鉴定古玉的方法很多,主要有肉眼鉴定法、矿物鉴定法、化学鉴定法等等。   对一件古玉器的玉质进行肉眼鉴定,可以对它的物理性质,如质地、颜色、光泽、透明度等进行观察,初步判断玉质种类。肉眼鉴定,对各特征要综合考虑,不能只看一点。
  颜色   和田玉颜色以白色和青色为基调,色调比较均匀。白色的白玉,特别是羊指玉为和田玉所特有。岫玉和南阳玉也有白色的,但没有和田玉正,有的还带有绿色等杂色。青色的青玉,有时与绿色的碧玉和岫玉等容易混淆,要掌握青色的特点,它介于蓝与绿之间。和田玉子玉有的有皮色,皮色色调多为褐色,限于局部。古玉有的浸色后表此也成褐红色,但浸色的常不均匀,色泽较深。
  质地   和田玉质地致密细腻,滋润柔和,具油脂光泽,给人以柔中见刚之感,白玉尤为明显。其它玉石也有质地细腻的,但是滋润和油脂光泽不及和田玉。清代陈胜《玉记》所载:和田玉“玉体如凝脂,精光内蕴,质厚温润,脉理坚密,声、音洪亮”。这些都是和田玉典型特征表现。
  杂质   和田玉质纯,杂质极少。杂质常见为铁质和石墨。铁质多分布于裂纹处,呈褐色或褐黑色,肉眼可辨。石墨呈黑色,分布于墨玉中,或呈星点状、集合体状,在白玉中呈现黑色星点,或云雾状、条带状黑纹等,其它玉石一般没有此情况。大理岩可见类似情况,但大理岩非玉石,粒度也很粗,易于区别。
  硬度   和田玉摩氏硬度为6.5~6.9,用钢刀刻不动,与其它玉石硬度相近的玉石有翡翠、南阳玉、玉髓等。
投资和田玉以“精”为重:   投资和田玉要尽量选择精品,所谓“精品”包括两个方面的含义: 一是玉石料本身的价值。同为和田玉,因玉石料分为山料、半山料和仔料而价格大不相同。 二是工艺价值。玉石的制作工艺属传统的民族工艺,要靠艺术家手工雕琢而成,有些精品需要艺术家呕心沥血几年、甚至十几年才能完成,其独特的艺术价值不言而喻。   同样的一块玉石料,由不同的人雕琢也会呈现出不同的价值,只有选择了精品,才会有较大的投资升值空间。而那些原材料和艺术价值一般的作品,虽然也会升值,但升值空间十分有限。一般来说,一件作品的投资额在几万元以上,才可能获得较为可观的投资收益。
  一般认为,上品美玉讲究5个到位: 色泽。羊脂白玉为纯白色或白色,微青微黄者次之,偏红为下品;青白玉、青玉色泽宜清宜淡,黄玉、碧玉、墨玉以色泽纯正为佳。 亮度。以有流动感水光为佳,油光次之,蜡光又次之,亚光为最差。 匀度。上好美玉应呈半透明状,内有薄雾絮状物,玉质均匀,无明显杂质。藕粉状、烟雾状质地次之,颗粒状质地及伴有较多“玉花”的又次之,石性较重、透明度极差的为下品。 密度。质地细腻的美玉密度较大,有明显的沉手感,手感略“飘”的次之。 硬度,上等和阗玉的硬度稍低于紫砂壶,用玉边角部在细砂紫砂壶上刻划,以不留白痕或仅留极淡的细痕为佳。

回答2:

其实最准确的鉴别方法就是去当地鉴定所鉴别,但由于目前国家对和田玉的划分并不是按照产地划分的,很多不是新疆和田玉的也被鉴别为和田玉,但与真正的新疆和田玉的价值相差很大,有时候很多老玩家一不小心就上当,也叫作吃药。
而且和田玉按产地分类有新疆玉、青海料、俄料、韩料,其中韩料价值最低,并且和田玉的鉴别也需要长期的经验积累,不能光看白度,要看其油润度、细腻程度、密度、老熟度、等等,是一个复杂的过程,需要好好学习,积累经验。

回答3:

主要有肉眼鉴定法、矿物鉴定法、化学鉴定法

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