请问烘焙咖啡中的L值什么意思?

2025-02-25 09:00:55
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

是烘焙度
烘焙大致分为浅(LIGHT)、
中(MEDIUM)、
深(DARK)
极深(VERY DARK)

浅烘焙的咖啡豆:会有很浓的气味,很脆,很高的酸度是主要的风味和轻微的醇度。中烘焙的咖啡豆:有很浓的醇度,同时还保存着大部分的酸度。深烘焙的咖啡豆:表面带有一点油脂的痕迹,酸度被轻微的焦苦所代替,而产生一种辛辣的味道。极深烘焙的咖啡豆:颜色为黑色,因油脂以渗透至表面,带有一种碳灰的苦味,醇度明显降低。

美式分级烘焙度:

1. 浅烘焙(Light Roast) L值=30.2

所有烘焙阶段中最浅的烘焙度,咖啡豆的表面呈淡淡的肉桂色,其口味和香味均不足,一般用在检验上,很少用来品尝。按烘焙时间来说接近所谓“一爆” (注:是指生豆烘焙时受热体积膨胀产生第一次爆裂)

2. 肉桂烘焙(Cinnamon Roast) L值=27.3

外观上呈现肉桂色,臭青味已除,香味尚可,酸度强,咖啡味淡,市面上较少贩卖。按时间来说约“一爆”中期。

3. 中度烘焙(Medium Roast) L值=24.2

外观上呈现棕色,,除了酸味外,苦味亦出现了,口感不错。此时酸重于苦、醇度适中,又称美式烘焙。按烘焙时间来说已接近“一爆”结束。

4. 深度烘焙(High Roast) L值=21.5

属于中度微深烘焙,表面已出现少许浓茶色,苦味亦变强了。咖啡味道酸中带苦,香气及风味皆佳,是市面上贩卖最多的烘焙豆方式。按烘焙时间来说“一爆”已结束,咖啡豆出现皱折,香味产生变化之时。

5. 城市烘焙(City Roast) L值=18.5

外观上呈现咖啡棕色,最标准的烘焙度,苦味和酸味达到平衡,使咖啡产生多层次感,让原本喜好中度烘焙的美国人改变口味,转向喜欢上它。按烘焙时间来说接近所谓“二爆” (注:是指生豆产生第一次爆裂后继续加热大量丧失水份,体积急速膨胀产生第二次爆裂)

6. 深度城市烘焙(Full-City Roast) L值=16.8

外观上呈现深棕色,颜色变得相当深,表面出现油亮,苦味较酸味强,适合曼特宁、夏威夷可那等特征强烈的咖啡豆。按烘焙时间来说“二爆”正好结束。

7. 法式烘焙(French Roast) L值=15.5

属于深度烘焙,外观上呈现黑色仍带一丝茶色,呈浓茶色带黑,酸味已感觉不出,在欧洲尤其以法国最为流行,因脂肪已渗透至表面,带有独特香味,很适合冰咖啡,维也纳咖啡。

8. 意式烘焙(Italian Roast) L值=14.2

将咖啡豆烘焙到全黑,表面油光,接近焦化,此时只有苦味,味道单纯有时带有烟熏味。适合果肉厚、酸味强的高地咖啡豆。虽然称为意式,但意大利式浓缩咖啡Espresso却已多采城市或深城市烘焙了。

从专业角度来说,烘焙程度以L值表示。L值就是以黑色=0白色=100,用测色计来测量其明量度,随着烘焙时间加长,咖啡豆颜色变深,L值愈接近为0

自从精品咖啡概念流行,现在多以美国精品咖啡协会(SCAA)用焦糖化分析仪所制定的八阶段烘焙度SCAA Agtron法来区分界定。

当然此法也只能当参考用,因为相同的烘焙度,不表示杯测结果一定相同。重点在于烘焙节奏才是决定咖啡风味的主因,豆色只是参考而已。唯有掌握同款豆的烘焙节奏相似,才能确保每炉咖啡风味的一致性,达到质量如一的境界。
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