词依据什么分为“小令”、“中调”、“长调”?在下列词牌中,其词调体式属于“中调”的有哪些?
推荐回答(3个)
根据字数划分的,小令(58字以内);中调(59字~90字);长调(91字以上)。属于中调的有“临江仙”、“一剪梅”、“蝶恋花”、“钗头凤”、“渔家傲”、“青玉案”、“江城子”、“破阵子”、“苏幕遮”等。
1、临江仙
临江仙,词牌名,原为唐代教坊曲名。又名“谢新恩”“雁后归”“画屏春”“庭院深深”“采莲回”“想娉婷”“瑞鹤仙令”“鸳鸯梦”“玉连环”。
格律俱为平韵格,双调小令,字数有五十二字、五十四字、五十八字、五十九字、六十字、六十二字六种。
常见者全词分两片,上下片各五句,三平韵。此调唱时音节需流丽谐婉,声情掩抑。代表作有宋苏轼《临江仙·夜饮东坡醒复醉》、宋李清照《临江仙·庭院深深深几许》、明杨慎《临江仙·滚滚长江东逝水》等。
2、一剪梅
一剪梅,词牌名,又名“一枝花”“腊前梅”“腊梅香”“腊梅春”“玉簟秋”“醉中”等。以周邦彦《一剪梅·一剪梅花万样娇》为正体,双调六十字,前后段各六句、三平韵。
另有双调六十字,前后段各六句、五平韵;双调五十九字,前段五句三平韵,后段六句三平韵等变体。代表作品有李清照《一剪梅·红藕香残玉簟秋》等。
3、蝶恋花
蝶恋花,词牌名,原是唐教坊曲,后用作词牌,本名“鹊踏枝”,又名“黄金缕”“卷珠帘”“凤栖梧”“明月生南浦”“细雨吹池沼”“一箩金”“鱼水同欢”“转调蝶恋花”等。
以南唐冯延巳《蝶恋花·六曲阑干偎碧树》(一作晏殊词)为正体,此体为双调六十字,前后段各五句四仄韵,另有变体二种。
代表作有李煜《蝶恋花·遥夜亭皋闲信步》、柳永《蝶恋花·伫倚危楼风细细》、苏轼《蝶恋花·春景》等。
4、钗头凤
钗头凤,词牌名,原名“撷芳词”,又名“折红英”“摘红英”“惜分钗”等。以《古今词话》无名氏《撷芳词·风摇动》为正体。此词每段六仄韵,上三句一韵,下四句又换一韵,后段即同前段押法。代表词作有陆游《钗头凤·红酥手》等。
5、渔家傲
渔家傲,词牌名,又名“渔歌子”“渔父词”等。以晏殊词《渔家傲·画鼓声中昏又晓》为正体,双调六十二字,前后段各五句,五仄韵。
另有六十二字四仄韵一叠韵,六十二字两平韵三叶韵,六十六字五仄韵的变体。 代表作有范仲淹《渔家傲·秋思》等。
参考资料来源:百度百科——词
参考资料来源:百度百科——中调
词大致可分为三类:⑴小令;⑵中调;⑶长调。有人认为:五十八字以内为小令,五十九至九十字为中调,九十一字以外为长调。这种方法是明朝人强加上去的,并不科学。宋人将词分为令引近慢四种,然而这种方法也有缺点,就是分类并不十分清晰。简单地说,令即小令,引和进约等于中调,慢词就是所谓的长调
各词牌字数(最常见字数前标*):忆江南27/*54,蝶恋花60,满江红93,如梦令33,临江仙58/*60,水调歌头95,浣溪沙42,一剪梅60,八声甘州97,卜算子*44/45,破阵子62,声声慢97,菩萨蛮44,苏幕遮62,念奴娇100,诉衷情33/*44,渔家傲62,桂枝香101,清平乐46,青玉案67,水龙吟102,忆秦娥46,江城子35/36/*70,雨霖铃103,西江月50,祝英台近77,沁园春114,浪淘沙54,江梅引87,摸鱼儿116.
中调有:蝶恋花,临江仙,一剪梅,破阵子,苏幕遮,渔家傲,青玉案,江城子,祝英台近,江梅引.
如何划分楼上已经解释得很好了。
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