传说由伏羲氏和周文王编写的中国最古老的占卜术原著是什么书

2025-03-05 06:08:13
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

伏羲氏创造先天易(先天八卦),周文王发明了《文王八卦》。
传说伏羲因为制造八卦,人奉之为神,尊其为八卦祖师。远古时代,人对大自然一无所知。天气会变化,日月会运转,人会生老病死,所有这些现象,谁也不知道是怎么回事。人们遇到无法解答的问题,都问伏羲,伏羲解答不了时,感到很茫然,人们为此每天提心吊胆地过日子。伏羲经常环顾四方,揣摩着日月经天,斗转星移,猜想着大地寒暑、花开花落的变化规律。他看到中原一带蓍草茂密,开始用蓍草为人们卜筮。
有一天,伏羲在蔡河里捕鱼,捉到一只白龟,他赶快挖了一个大水池,把白龟养了起来。一天,伏羲正在往白龟池里放食物,有人跑来说蔡河里出了怪物。他来到蔡河边一看,只见那怪物说龙不像龙,说马不像马,在水面上走来走去,如履平地。伏羲走近水边,那怪物竟然来到伏羲面前,老老实实地站那儿一动不动。伏羲仔细审视,见那怪物背上长有花纹:一六居下,二七居上,三八居左,四九居右,五十居中。伏羲薅一节蓍草梗,在一片大树叶上照着龙马背上的花纹画下来。他刚画完,龙马大叫一声腾空而起,转眼不见了。大家围住伏羲问∶“这是个啥怪物呀?”伏羲说:“它像龙又像马,就叫它龙马吧。”
伏羲拿着那片树叶,琢磨上面的花纹,怎么也解不开其中的奥妙。这天他坐在白龟池边思考,忽听池水哗哗作响,定睛一看,白龟从水底游到他面前,两眼亮晶晶地看着他,接着向他点了三下头,脑袋往肚里一缩,卧在水边不动了。他面对白龟聚精会神地观察起来。渐渐地,他发现白龟盖上的花纹中间五块,周围八块,外圈儿十二块,最外圈儿二十四块,顿时心里亮堂了,悟出了天地万物的变化规律惟一阴一阳而已。伏羲画出了八种不同图案即八卦图
从伏羲到神农到轩辕,先天易、连山易、归藏易,就是一种文化承传。虽然巫教、佛教、道教的教义中,甚至在民间,还遗存有中国最古老的占卜术,但是也没有这一方面的专人去搜集整理。的文王八卦,
只有在周朝时周文王经过对前人的文化承传学习,推论解读,发明《文王八卦》了才留传承下来。所谓卦象,并无吉凶之分,是分析说明人在顺境,逆境之中的正确态度和行为准则与处事方法,经过历代文人学者与统治阶层的传承,由周文王的《文王八卦》衍伸的《周易》成为中国的圣经、诸子百家之源,乃至到人们的日常生活都与之有着密切的联系。两两重复排列为六十四卦。
《周易》有很长的形成和发展过程。被后人称为河图、洛书的东西,是烧灼卜骨的表现,是远古先民在长期生活和占卜的实践中感悟出的理性思维和形象思维互相串连、互相渗透的反映。相传伏羲氏将其归纳总结,对蓍草反复排列,而画为八卦,将天地间万物的现象都包括于其中,这是原始的易。
后来,据说经过周文王的悉心钻研,将其规范化、条理化,演绎成六十四卦和三百八十四爻,有了卦辞、爻辞,人称《周易》。它以简单的图像和数字,以阴和阳的对立变化,来阐述纷纭繁复的社会现象,显示成千上万直至无穷的数字,具有以少示多,以简示繁,充满变化的特点。其所以称为“易”,郑玄解释有三义:一是简,二是变易,三是不易。 就是讲万物之理有变有不变,现象在不断变化,而一些最基本的原则又具不会变的,这就从客观世界的辩证发展中抽象出了理论上十分丰富的朴素的辩证法。
旧说到春秋后期,孔子对《周易》进行解释和论说,完成十翼,即《易传》。这样《周易》就发展成为一部内容博大精深的阐述宇宙变化的哲学著作。

回答2:

周易经

回答3:

《易经》/《周易》

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