推荐回答(2个)
黑麦草种植方法:
1.选种,一定要选择籽粒饱满均匀,没有虫害的种子购买,陈年种子的出芽率不高,选种是最关键的一步。
2.选择种植土壤,黑麦草对土壤要求不高,一般土壤均可以茁壮成长,但是如果土壤贫瘠成酸性的土壤,会降低生长速度和植株健康状况,多选择排水良好、土壤肥沃的土壤播种。
3.催芽醒种,播种前种子要放在太阳底下晒1个小时左右,后用清水浸泡12小时,这样能够使种子充分吸收水分,提前发芽。
4.播种方式多采用撒播,每亩地播种1.5-2公斤,种子可以直接与钙镁磷肥搅拌后播种,播种后要进行浇水,以免土壤干裂影响出苗。
5.除草,种子出芽时也是杂草最多的时候,这时要进行除草,降低黑麦草的竞争,除草方法有三种,播种前土壤处理,出牙前处理,和苗期处理。
6.浇水施肥,黑麦草要施加氮肥,播种的时候要施加有机肥,种子并且要进行拌种,出苗后也要进行追加氮肥。
种植黑麦草离不开养护者的科学方法,以及悉心照料,虽然它的生命力顽强,同样需要定期追加肥料、修剪、除草、浇水,不管是用做草坪还是牧草,一定要多多管理看护。
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黑麦草种植技术
冬春季缺乏青绿饲料仍是限制草食家畜生产性能提高的一个因素。为解决这个问题,利用秋收后冬闲地种植黑麦草,是淮北地区发展草食牲畜的一条重要途径。黑麦草一般亩产鲜草3000千克左右,最高可达5000千克。其茎叶细嫩,营养丰富,适口性好。营养成份:粗蛋白4.93%,粗脂肪1.06%,天氮浸出物4.57%,钙0.075%,磷0.07%。其中粗蛋白、粗脂肪比本地杂草含量高出3 倍。为推广黑麦草栽培技术,现将种植经验总结于后。
一、冬牧70黑麦草特性 黑麦草系1年生禾本科牧草,适应性强,高产且耐碱、耐瘠薄、耐寒,抗病虫害,分蘖多,再生能力强,对水肥要求较高。因此,必须选择地势平坦,有机质含量较高的肥沃土壤种植,并且排灌方便,才能获得高产。
二、整地
1、浅耕灭茬。棉花、红芋、大豆等秋作物收后,浅耕1次,翻出前作物遗留在地里的残根,以便施肥,恢复地力。浅耕伴随耙地1--2次,能保墒除茬,为施肥、深耕作好准备。
2、施足底肥。由于黑麦草产草量高,需养分较多,故必须施足基肥。黑麦草鲜草量高低与施肥多少有密切关系。一般亩施土杂肥5000千克,过磷酸钙40千克,碳铵25千克。土杂肥打碎撒匀,化肥随犁沟撒,随下犁掩入土中。
3、深耕细耙。耕深20-22厘米,使耕作层土壤疏松熟化,有利黑麦草根系生长,增加根系吸收水肥能力。要求地犁到头到边,无卧垡。边犁边耙,对出现大土块进行人工破碎,达到土细地平。
三、播种
1、播种期。淮北地区黑麦草播种期,一般较秋播小麦略迟,但因黑麦草是利用冬闲地种植,必须腾茬后经整地方能播种。因此,播种期在10月20--25日,在这个范围内宜早则不宜迟,否则将影响黑麦草产量的提高。
2、播法。为便于田间管理,用三条腿木耧条播,一般播深5厘米,具体深度还要视墒情、土质、整地等灵活掌握,其变幅不宜过大。在播种时做到“一平、二净、眼观三、紧三慢三猛一掂”的要求。
3、播种量。一般每亩播种7.5--10千克,视土质墒情、整地质量、种子发芽率高低等酌情增减。
四、田间管理
1、中耕除草。结合中耕及时消灭杂草,增加地温,促进萌发生长。
2、施肥。为了促进返青,加速植株生长,补充地力,每次刈割后要及时追施肥料,一般每亩穴施碳铵15-20千克。施肥要均匀,施深6-8厘米,施后随之覆土,用脚踏实,谨防化肥挥发。
3、灌溉。在天气比较干旱的情况下,必须进行灌溉,灌溉结合施肥进行。追施肥后,立即灌溉1次,使化肥及时溶解被黑麦草吸收利用。灌后待地能下去人,浅锄1次,以增加地温,迅速发挥肥料作用,促进返青快长,同时也能起到保墒作用。
五、刈割与利用 当植株高20-30厘米开始刈割。春季前刈割1次,时间在12月中旬至翌年元月,留茬高度5-6厘米。以后每隔30天左右刈割1次。从春节过后至3月中旬刈割3次,然后灭茬整地后种棉花或栽山芋。刈割后的黑麦草,切短8-10厘米,单独喂草食家畜。先喂麦秸,后喂黑麦草,每头牛10千克左右。
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