推荐回答(1个)
口风要扁一点,气束要被吹口边棱分割,三分之二在里,三分之一在外,气大部分是灌进箫管的。
角度问题,找好位置,吹一个长音,保持吹口相关关系不变,同时杨高或放低改变箫管角度,会发现有一个最佳位置:音量
最大,漏气最小,音色最美、有点透明的味道,从笛5到高6 都容易吹响。
这就是最好的角度,这角度范围比较小,要记住它,练熟它。
至于力度,是要根据乐曲强弱要求来变化的。
注意
高超吹音,初学者可能吹不出来。有两个原因,一是口形不对;二是乐器本身质量不好。这没有多大关系,因为超高音不常用或者根本不用,这时只是介绍给朋友们,箫也能象笛子一样吹出超高音来。
筒音的第二个八度音和它上面的二度音,这两个音应该能吹出来。
高音5、6两个音符是高超吹音。这两个音在难度较大乐曲时会经常遇到。练习这两个音时嘴劲要硬,底气要给足,这种民间说法很贴切,我们应这样理解:嘴要绷住劲,风门开得小一点,口风更集中,丹田将整个气息控制住,高音5、6两个音是不难吹出来的。
箫的泛音
泛音指法不常用。箫的泛音列里五度音最为明亮。从理论上说,所有音孔都有泛音,但箫所能吹出的泛音只有筒音和一、二、三孔。实际上G调箫高音5的另一种指法就是1的泛音,以G调箫为例,筒音和一、二、三孔音可吹出五度泛音。这个筒音不是指的低音5,而是中音区的5。一、二、三孔也是中音区的6、7和高音区的1。
筒音作5时:
本音:5 6 7 高音1
泛音:高音2 3 4 5(第二孔按半孔为还原4)
练习泛音时要先吹出本音,中弱的力度就可以了,在这个基础上将风门略微缩小一点气稍稍拱一点,泛音就吹出来了。练习中,可感觉泛音和本音之间有一个槛,槛过不去,泛音就吹不出来,这时不能急躁,因为一急躁气就不平了,于事无补。要慢慢找。为什么说“气稍稍拱一点”,因为实际上就是这么一点点,气给大了或小了都吹不出来,只要临界点(槛)一过,你就得到一个完美的泛音。当泛音熟练以后,就不会有“槛”的感觉了。
泛音是本孔音的纯五度音。因此通过泛音还可以校正音孔本孔和上方五度音孔的关系,我们得到四个泛音,能够仔细调正全部音程关系。首先通过泛音校正音孔本身音准。比如,在5音吹出一个高音2,就可以和第四孔的高音2音高做比较,听听是高是低,然后决定是调整筒还是调第四孔音。调整方法,如果音高可用橡胶条在音孔上方粘上一条或用黄蜡在音孔上方封堵一点。(筒音要不准调整后出音孔)如果音低,可用小刀将音孔上方挖掉一点。但一定要反复测试以后,肯定音低了再挖,还须挖一点,试试,千万不能拿起刀子就挖,挖多了再用蜡封,以至将一支好箫报废。
筒音作1时:
本音:1 2 3 4
泛音:5 6 7 高音1
筒音作2时:
本音:2 3 4 5
泛音:6 7 高音1 2
筒音作6时:
本音:低音6 7 中音1 2
泛音:3 4 5 6(第一孔按半孔为还原4)
泛音记号:“。”在音符上方画一小圆圈。
箫的音量本来不大,泛音吹出来音的力度就更弱了。但由于吹泛音时口风比较集中,所以泛音实际上弱而不虚,音要平直,不能加腹颤音。
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