推荐回答(3个)
动词原形变为带
to
的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语
气(即请求或命令)加上
ask
,
tell
,
order
等动词,如果祈
使句为否定式,则在不定式前加
not
。其句型为:
ask
/
tell
/
order someone
(
not
)
to do something
.例如:
She said to us
,
“
Please sit down
.
”
→
She asked us to sit down
.
He said to him
,
“
Go away
!
”
→
He ordered him to go away
.
He said
,
“
Don
’
t make so much noise
,
boys
.
”
→
He told the boys not to make so much noise
.
二.各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语
之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执
行者,
例如:
They
saw
the
little
boy
crying
by
the
river
.
被
动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:
The little boy
was seen crying by the river
.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由
“
助动词
be
+动词的过去分词
”
构成。
助动词
be
随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常
见时态的被动语态形式如下:
1
.一般现在时
am/is/are
+过去分词
例如:
Rice is planted in the south of China
.
2
.一般过去时
was/were
+过去分词
例如:
These
trees
were planted the year before last
.
3
.一般将来时
will/shall
+
be
+过去分词
例如:
A sports meeting will be held next week in our
school
.
4
.现在进行时
am/is/are
+
being
+过去分词
例如:
Your radio is being repaired now
.
5
.过去进行时
was/were
+
being
+过去分词
When
he
got
there
,
the
problem
was
being
discussed
.
6
.现在完成时
have/has
+
been
+过去分词
His work has been finished
.
Has
his
work been
finished? Yes
,
it has
.
/
No
,
it
hasn
’
t
.
7
.过去完成时
had
+
been
+过去分词
注意:
1
.
除了
be
之外的其它系动词如
get
,
stay
等也可以和过去
分词构成被动语态。例如:
Their questions haven
’
t got
answered
.
2
.
含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用
“
情态动词+
be
+过去分词
”
结构。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this
country
.
This work can
’
t be done until Mr
.
Black comes
.
3
.含有
“
be going to
”
,
“
be to
”
等结构的谓语,其被动
语态分别用
“
be
going
to
+
be
+过去分词
”
和
“
be
to
+
be
+
过去分词
”
。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next
meeting
.
All these books are to be taken to the library
.
4
.被动语态与系表结构的区别:
“
连系动词+用作表语的
过去分词
”
构成的系表结构,
与被动语态的形式完全一样,
所以
应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动
作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者
通常可用
by
引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone
.(被动结构)
That custom remained unchanged for many
centuries
.(系表结构)
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被
very
修饰,被动语态中的
过去分词往往要用
much
修饰。
在结合一些练习做做就ok了
宾语从句分三种
①that引导宾语从句仅仅起引导作用,本身无具体意义,通常在非正式文体中可以省略,不引导介词的宾从(except that除外)
例子:She took it for granted that you knew the matter.
②whether获if 领导的宾从
这里的if从句不可以混淆于if引导的条件状语从句,不可以翻译成如果
Do you know whether/if any decision has been arrived at?
③连接代词和连接副词引导的宾从
连接代词有who whom whose what which;连接副词有when where how why等
I will tell you why I was late.
表语从句(标志单词:be动词)
①that引导表从不可以省略
The fact is that he didn't even take the exam.
②wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
That is why he was late for an hour.
③as if,as though,because,just as,引导的表从除because外后可以接虚拟语气
It looks as if we will be late.
主语从句
先行词通常是what
I don't know what he said.
版本不同,可能每册的语法点不一样,不过最后学完后都一样,建议你 百度 高考 语法完全突破 视频教程看下。
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