China architecture from the pre-qin to the middle of the 19th century ago is basically a closed independent system, 2000 years between style change is not big, generally called the ancient Chinese architecture.
(a) attention to environmental whole management
Kaogongji (the "wild, all men, about Lv, township, city, and the high, the planning system in midian, etc.
. The tube · horse "advocates," all nations are, not YuDaShan under, will YuAnChuan above, and explains the city location must consider environmental relationship. China's kanyu theory origin early, remove the superstitious cloak, great majority is conducive environment and building relationships. Ancient cities will pay attention to the city and the surrounding environment unified management and ontology.
(2) monomer image into groups sequence
Ancient Chinese monomer building form is simpler, mostly standard style, isolated monomer building does not constitute a complete artistic image, architectural art effect relies mainly on the group achieved sequence. A house, in the sequence as foil, form is not too large, image also may be insipid, but if as the main body, it may be very tall.
(3) to construct the technical and artistic image unify
Ancient Chinese architecture timberwork system adaptability is strong. This system in four pillar 2 beam two jandova constitutes a basic framework, called between connected between can be controlled, also can connect with, again before can fluctuate coincide, still can strewn at random combination, or be flexible and become anise, 1.60, circle, fan-shaped or other shape. Roof truss have lintel and ChuanDouShi two kinds, no matter which kind of, can not change frame system and will roofing make a curve, and made in the corner QiaoJiao eaves, still can make double-hipped roof, interconnected, interweaving, phi pitched etc style.
(4) normalization and diversification unification
China building with timberwork give priority to, to facilitate component production, installation and appraise work calculate material, is destined to component normalization, also make design modularization. Early in the spring and autumn when the examination work record ", had normalization, modularization of bud and processed in tang dynasty has more mature. Three years (11) to yuan into the build French ", modularization, qing yongzheng years completely finalize the design (1734) promulgated by the Labour ministry engineering practices are examples of have further simplified. Building the normalization, prompting architectural style can be integrated, also ensuring each building can achieve certain artistic level.
(5) poetic natural type gardens
Chinese garden exquisite "qiao due to borrow, pure in vivo, paying attention to the appropriate" ChengJingHe have calculated the landscape of the subtle, with an abundance of ornamental screen. At the same time, it also simulated natural landscape, create rockery Daniel special skill, regardless of water could hill, or landscape is linked together, all can make the poetic deeper thick, taste lingering finish.
(6) attention performance building character and symbolic meaning
Ancient Chinese architecture art in on the culture showed three characteristics: firstly, pay attention to the aesthetic and political ethical nature of highly unification, Secondly, has the distinct humanistic character, Chinese traditional culture and spiritual concentration forth; Third, pay attention to the comprehensive changes in a variety of whole space image. Its form feature is shown as: (1) the combination of many groups form rich space sequence unfold, such as the cross axis the altar of the temple buildings, To give priority to the horizontal axis vertical axis, supplemented by dwellings and palace building, With twists and turns on garden architecture axis. No matter which way are formed on them were cadence, have the preface, orgasm, end of space sequence. (2) monomer building modelling has certain specifications programs, such as house, and pavilions shape by TaiJi, house body and composed, while roof between the parts have certain proportion, particularly in the qing dynasty, the normalization has reached supreme. 3 the bridge of the combined form timberwork formed by huge volume of roof, and peak, is the ridge and cock cornice graceful curve, make housetop becomes the most outstanding form of Chinese architectural features. 4 interior space processing flexible, commonly used wooden partition, Ge fan, credit screen, screen, rich ancient frame for the isolation of size and rich change space, produce outflanking, implicative space image. Pay attention to the gymnasium construction components colour and adornment coloured drawing or pattern, and thereby expressivity labeled level and function of the differences. Chinese architectural art according to the time sequence can be divided into qin han, sui tang, Ming and qing dynasties, modern four stages. (1) the qin stage. In early shang period, the main features of Chinese architectural forms, such as the courtyard symmetrical layout, wooden bridge structure, monomer modelling, etc DaWuDing has basically formed, but because governors regime and north and south each different. Qin had been carved and coloured drawing or pattern, layout stretch, tidy, have definite ethics, grade, order etc connotation, showed vigorous, plain style characteristic. (2) sui tang stage. The han to the northern and southern dynasties, with the introduction of Buddhism and prevalence, north and south national large fusion and literati withdrawing the wooded hills thought appeal and landscape poetry, landscape painting has made the architecture of the northern and southern dynasties in traditional rational spirit added many romantic emotional appeal. To the tang dynasty finally formed the rationality and romantic photograph interweave tang style. Grand, neat capital, extensive stretch palaces, temple, large scale, courtyard-shaped variety of tower of temple, cave, modelling is vigorous and decorated, reveal a bo David styles and characteristics of beauty. (3) Ming and qing period. The five dynasties of song dynasty the development of urban economy and all local culture, and even the Mongolian, Tibetan, Arab culture further to blend, to the qing dynasty, the ancient Chinese architecture art to the most mature stage. Urban alleyways specifications square palace tombs, building the standard, but courtyard-shaped increased, diversified approach. Gardening art flourished. Its overall style is elegant, governor li, rigorous and clear.
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Jiangnan gardens of literati in records, roughly began at the beginning of the eastern headgear south du. Zhongzhou characters tameless uninhibited, hold the undergrowth style with thine experience jiangnan rain wind slice, YanBo painting ship suddenly meet, time to give comfort, every night like dream, ironed out always fine rebellious wounds, pioneered the jiangnan literati garden both 1000 years poem sample journey.
Eight hundred years fengyun wandered off. Until after getting a disgrace to the southern, luoyang classical gardens in hangzhou, cut down, WuXing area seeding, spit fragrance, also incurred as a "mountain outside the castle peak building outside floor" the sigh with regret. This deposit suzhou, south of the town surging wave pavilion, is sometimes with this period LiuFeng rhyme and rhythm.
Huacai scene appeared in the middle period to early qing dynasty, Trinidad jiangnan LouTai &, spring stone, dwellings unique today autumn JiChangYuan, jiading deposit wuxi XiaPu are of this one period, the similar lowlatitudes layout characteristics is conspicuous. In KunQiang and Zagreb Zagreb curl of suzhou eg phase as the premier, the humble administrator's garden, Singapore dong-yeng (today), art of lingering gardenchoice, five mountains garden every its utmost shes so far, pomp, radiance coils in wan.
The soldiers of qing southbound heavy early 1200s destroys the qinhuai river on the beam, mountain pools street used the bank of the leisure sipping sings. Hundred years later, the middle period of qing dynasty, offend metastases, western culture dominates, traditional literati park's mainstream position quietly loose, Different peak protruding is the dance of yangzhou city garden HuaFang, Shanghai WanTouCuanDong - businessman garden here have been staged. This deposit yangzhou a garden, qingpu curved water garden all emotions, personality, merchant scene plain, eagerly recounting an emerging class of aesthetic interest, value tendency; Compared to the same period, the tone of han badge KunQiang gradually expelled, and it is easy to see one's destiny means. In the cultural accumulation unusually good suzhou, years steps be sessions, garden scenery brilliant scholar, deep in the belt city still widening house head south bridge WangShiYuan alley alone, become JiChangYuan after another art starts.
Of late qing dynasty of the taiping heavenly kingdom out-of-control gave jiangnan literati garden one last effort. Hurricane, sea wind blow after the Shanghai style garden, early pine-woods horn and green jiangnan the Banks, this deposit Shanghai yuyuan garden point spring hall area, inside garden, suzhou shizi Lin are some of the features chapters. The pine-woods horn was woven lingering song, belong to suzhou decoupling garden, chang garden accomplished scholar garden near to eyes a turn - a memorable times, with nearly inexhaustible literary romantic floating far lead.
Next of kin classical gardens as bead, scattered, scatter jiangnan.
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