推荐回答(3个)
水的沸点()随压强的变化为
t=100+0.036(p-760)-0.000023(p-760)^2
你自己根据公式算0.5个大气压下,水开的温度是多少度,地底可能有,陆地上由于和大气层直接接触,所以不可能只有一半的大气压
(p— 压强单位为:毫米水银柱高(1毫米水银柱高=133.3Pa))
以上是我提出的公式,这些东西要用数学来弄的。函数~
沸点:
液体发生沸腾时的温度。当液体沸腾时,在其内部所形成的气泡中的饱和蒸汽压必须与外界施予的压强相等,气泡才有可能长大并上升,所以,沸点也就是液体的饱和蒸汽压等于外界压强的温度。液体的沸点跟外部压强有关。当液体所受的压强增大时,它的沸点升高;压强减小时;沸点降低。例如,蒸汽锅炉里的蒸汽压强,约有几十个大气压,锅炉里的水的沸点可在200℃以上。又如,在高山上煮饭,水易沸腾,但饭不易熟。这是由于大气压随地势的升高而降低,水的沸点也随高度的升高而逐浙下降。(在海拔1900米处,大气压约为79800帕(600毫米汞柱),水的沸点是93.5℃)。
在相同的大气压下,液体不同沸点亦不相同。这是因为饱和汽压和液体种类有关。在一定的温度下,各种液体的饱和汽压亦一定。例如,乙醚在20℃时饱和气压为5865.2帕(44厘米汞柱)低于大气压,温度稍有升高,使乙醚的饱和汽压与大气压强相等,将乙醚加热到35℃即可沸腾。液体中若含有杂质,则对液体的沸点亦有影响。液体中含有溶质后它的沸点要比纯净的液体高,这是由于存在溶质后,液体分子之间的引力增加了,液体不易汽化,饱和汽压也较小。要使饱和汽压与大气压相同,必须提高沸点。不同液体在同一外界压强下,沸点不同。沸点随压强而变化的关系可由克劳修斯克拉珀龙方程得出。
沸点与气压成正比.气压越大,沸点越高;气压越低,沸点越低。
理由:液体在挥发的时候产生蒸气压,当蒸气压(饱和蒸气压)等于外界的压力时,液体就会沸腾,此时的温度就是液体的沸点.
当外界的压力增大时,必须升高温度才能使蒸气压增大以等于外界压力,达到沸腾.当外界压力降低时,温度比较低的时候就能够使蒸气压等于外界压力,达到沸腾
0度时水的饱和蒸汽压大约0.6个大气压。也就是说,冰还没融化就开了了,即升华。公式的话物理化学的书上有。计算出的数值自己看吧
温度(Temperature)
t/℃ 饱和蒸气压(Saturated water vapor pressure)
/(×10^3Pa) 温度(Temperature)
t/℃ 饱和蒸气压(Saturated water vapor pressure)
/(×10^3Pa) 温度(Temperature)
t/℃ 饱和蒸气压(Saturated water vapor pressure)
/(×10^3Pa)
0 0.61129 125 232.01 250 3973.6
1 0.65716 126 239.24 251 4041.2
2 0.70605 127 246.66 252 4109.6
3 0.75813 128 254.25 253 4178.9
4 0.81359 129 262.04 254 4249.1
5 0.87260 130 270.02 255 4320.2
6 0.93537 131 278.20 256 4392.2
7 1.0021 132 286.57 257 4465.1
8 1.0730 133 295.15 258 4539.0
9 1.1482 134 303.93 259 4613.7
10 1.2281 135 312.93 260 4689.4
11 1.3129 136 322.14 261 4766.1
12 1.4027 137 331.57 262 4843.7
13 1.4979 138 341.22 263 4922.3
14 1.5988 139 351.09 264 5001.8
15 1.7056 140 361.19 265 5082.3
16 1.8185 141 371.53 266 5163.8
17 1.9380 142 382.11 267 5246.3
18 2.0644 143 392.92 268 5329.8
19 2.1978 144 403.98 269 5414.3
20 2.3388 145 415.29 270 5499.9
21 2.4877 146 426.85 271 5586.4
22 2.6447 147 438.67 272 5674.0
23 2.8104 148 450.75 273 5762.7
24 2.9850 149 463.10 274 5852.4
25 3.1690 150 475.72 275 5943.1
26 3.3629 151 488.61 276 6035.0
27 3.5670 152 501.78 277 6127.9
28 3.7818 153 515.23 278 6221.9
29 4.0078 154 528.96 279 6317.2
30 4.2455 155 542.99 280 6413.2
31 4.4953 156 557.32 281 6510.5
32 4.7578 157 571.94 282 6608.9
33 5.0335 158 586.87 283 6708.5
34 5.3229 159 602.11 284 6809.2
35 5.6267 160 617.66 285 6911.1
36 5.9453 161 633.53 286 7014.1
37 6.2795 162 649.73 287 7118.3
38 6.6298 163 666.25 288 7223.7
39 6.9969 164 683.10 289 7330.2
40 7.3814 165 700.29 290 7438.0
41 7.7840 166 717.83 291 7547.0
42 8.2054 167 735.70 292 7657.2
43 8.6463 168 753.94 293 7768.6
44 9.1075 169 772.52 294 7881.3
45 9.5898 170 791.47 295 7995.2
46 10.094 171 810.78 296 8110.3
47 10.620 172 830.47 297 8226.8
48 11.171 173 850.53 298 8344.5
49 11.745 174 870.98 299 8463.5
50 12.344 175 891.80 300 8583.8
51 12.970 176 913.03 301 8705.4
52 13.623 177 934.64 302 8828.3
53 14.303 178 956.66 303 8952.6
54 15.012 179 979.09 304 9078.2
55 15.752 180 1001.9 305 9205.1
56 16.522 181 1025.2 306 9333.4
57 17.324 182 1048.9 307 9463.1
58 18.159 183 1073.0 308 9594.2
59 19.028 184 1097.5 309 9726.7
60 19.932 185 1122.5 310 9860.5
61 20.873 186 1147.9 311 9995.8
62 21.851 187 1173.8 312 10133
63 22.868 188 1200.1 313 10271
64 23.925 189 1226.1 314 10410
65 25.022 190 1254.2 315 10551
66 26.163 191 1281.9 316 10694
67 27.347 192 1310.1 317 10838
68 28.576 193 1338.8 318 10984
69 29.852 194 1368.0 319 11131
70 31.176 195 1397.6 320 11279
71 32.549 196 1427.8 321 11429
72 33.972 197 1458.5 322 11581
73 35.448 198 1489.7 323 11734
74 36.978 199 1521.4 324 11889
75 38.563 200 1553.6 325 12046
76 40.205 201 1568.4 326 12204
77 41.905 202 1619.7 327 12364
78 43.665 203 1653.6 328 12525
79 45.487 204 1688.0 329 12688
80 47.373 205 1722.9 330 12852
81 49.324 206 1758.4 331 13019
82 51.342 207 1794.5 332 13187
83 53.428 208 1831.1 333 13357
84 55.585 209 1868.4 334 13528
85 57.815 210 1906.2 335 13701
86 60.119 211 1944.6 336 13876
87 62.499 212 1983.6 337 14053
88 64.958 213 2023.2 338 14232
89 67.496 214 2063.4 339 14412
90 70.117 215 2104.2 340 14594
91 72.823 216 2145.7 341 14778
92 75.614 217 2187.8 342 14964
93 78.494 218 2230.5 343 15152
94 81.465 219 2273.8 344 15342
95 84.529 220 2317.8 345 15533
96 87.688 221 2362.5 346 15727
97 90.945 222 2407.8 347 15922
98 94.301 223 2453.8 348 16120
99 97.759 224 2500.5 349 16320
100 101.32 225 2547.9 350 16521
101 104.99 226 2595.9 351 16825
102 108.77 227 2644.6 352 16932
103 112.66 228 2694.1 353 17138
104 116.67 229 2744.2 354 17348
105 120.79 230 2795.1 355 17561
106 125.03 231 2846.7 356 17775
107 129.39 232 2899.0 357 17992
108 133.88 233 2952.1 358 18211
109 138.50 234 3005.9 359 18432
110 143.24 235 3060.4 360 18655
111 148.12 236 3115.7 361 18881
112 153.13 237 3171.8 362 19110
113 158.29 238 3288.6 363 19340
114 163.58 239 3286.3 364 19574
115 169.02 240 3344.7 365 19809
116 174.61 241 3403.9 366 20048
117 180.34 242 3463.9 367 20289
118 186.23 243 3524.7 368 20533
119 192.28 244 3586.3 369 20780
120 198.48 245 3648.8 370 21030
121 204.85 246 3712.1 371 21286
122 211.38 247 3776.2 372 21539
123 218.09 248 3841.2 373 21803
124 224.96 249 3907.0 - -
查水的沸点压强表,可知0.5个大气压下,水的沸点大约是 81.7 ℃。
气压随着高度的升高而下降,在高山上存在大气压为0.5的地方。珠穆朗玛峰顶的气压只有0.3个标准大气压。
水的沸点与气压变化之间的关系也是气压下降沸点下降,之间的公式是拟合的实验公式,没有一个所有压强下的统一式子。
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