推荐回答(3个)
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用,表示“已发生”或“未发生”。
如:yet,just,before,recently,once,lately,of late等;也同表示频度的时间状语连用,如:often,ever,never,sometimes,twice,on several occasions等;
也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:now,today,this morning,this month,this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语(in 1995,last year等)连用。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用,如:so far,up to now,since last year,for a long time,all my life,these few days等。
3、某些非延续性动词(动作一开始就结束的动词),在现在完成时中,不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有:come,go,begin,start,become,arrive,get,reach,leave,join,end,lose等。
4、在after,as soon as,if,till,when等引导的状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
5、"It/This is/will be the first/last/second/third,...time that..."结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。
6、"It/This is the best/worst/most interesting+名词+that..."结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。
7、由since引导的时间状语从句,不论用的是延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时,还是非延续性动词的一般过去时,通常都表示动作的完成或结束。
8、Since引导的时间状语从句也可用在完成时。如果由since引导的状语从句的动作或状态延续至今,通常要用现在完成时。这种用法中since表示的不是动作的结束,而是动作的延续。
9、表示某人的经历或已故某人的言论、某国的作用对现在和将来具有长久现实意义和深远影响。
10、现在完成时可以表示反问口气(与when连用)或感情色彩。
11、现在完成时可同long ago连用。现在完成时有时可以同long ago连用,这样用的long ago或为事后想到的添补之词,或指比较笼统的过去,或表示结果。有时,现在完成时还可以同具体过去时间连用,为添补之词。
12、现在完成时可以表示过去重复的动作,常与often,always等连用。
13、现在完成时可以表示过去的经验、事件,同when,while,after从句连用。
14、hope...+should/would型完成时从句。hope,think,expect的过去式之后,加上”should或would+完成式",常表示期望、希望落空,没有实现。
15、现在完成时可同进行时未完成的动作进行对比。
16、get的现在完成时。get的现在完成时是have/has got,美式英语中用gotten。have/has got在口语中往往仅是一个现在完成时的形式,表示现在或将来的意义,实际相当于have/has,当“有”解释,但常有很灵活的译法。有时have/has got相当于have/has to,当“必须”解释。
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扩展资料
一、现在完成时态的构成:
助动词have / has +动词的过去分词。
当主语为第三人称单数用has,其余人称用have。
否定句在助动词have/ has 后加not ;
疑问句则把助动词Have/ Has 提放到主语之前。
如:I have worked here for ten years .
She hasn't been to the Great Wall . Haveyou been to Beijing ?
二、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。
试比较:I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
现在完成时主要用在两种情况下:
1.强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。(描述了一个发生在过去的动作,但又没有明显的过去时间,这时很容易和一般过去时混淆,注意:一般过去时有明显过去时间。),
例如:我吃过午饭了。i
have
had
lunch.
(现在完成时)
我12点吃得午饭。i
had
lunch
at
12:00.(一般过去时)
2.某个动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在。例如:
我学英语已经18年了。i
have
learned
english
for
eighteen
years.
当过去发生的事情对现在产生了影响时,可用现在完成时,其句型为:have
done。一般,现在完成时有一些标志性时间词,如:yet,so
far,before...
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