推荐回答(5个)
神机妙算刘伯温是到底怎么死的?老梁揭秘真相,句句都是真言!
刘基是大明王朝的开国元勋之一,但朱元璋大封功臣时,刘基却不求名利,不以功臣自居,一再谦让,故官爵比其他功臣低,授御史中丞兼太史令、弘文馆学士、开国翊运守正文臣、资善大夫、上护军,封诚意伯。年俸禄240石,也比其他受封伯爵的大臣低。但即便如此,由于他嫉恶如仇,刚正不阿,敢于直言,不久便得罪了丞相李善长、胡惟庸等人,并逐渐失云朱元璋信任。洪武四年(1371),刘基请求告老还乡,退出政治舞台,时年61岁。
当时瓯、闽间有一条狭长的地域叫谈洋,该地区是盐贩、盗贼聚集的地方,方国珍便是从这起兵反叛的。刘基委托儿子刘琏上奏,建议应在该地区设立巡检司以控制管辖该地,使那里的刁民无机可乘,不能互相勾结或胁迫戍边士兵一道出逃反叛。胡惟庸使刑部尚书吴云弹刻刘基,反指淡洋踞山临海,有君王之气.刘基想要谋取作为自己的墓地,当地百姓不答应,便想要在那里设置巡检司为难当地民众,才导致该地区形势迅速恶化。
朱元璋不置可否,只是命令下传此文让刘伯温知晓。这是一个明确的信号,也是一种胁迫,如果没有合适的反应,谋反的罪名就会临头。刘伯温于是只好赴京亲自上朝拜见朱元璋,但朱元璋又全然不过问此事,刘伯温既不能辨白,又不敢离京。不久便发病了。此时胡惟庸携带补药前来探望病情。刘基吃了胡惟庸拿来的药后,顿时感到有如拳头大小的石头般的硬物堵塞在胸口。刘基又利用空闲时间奏明了朱元璋.朱元璋依旧不过问。又过了三个月,病情更加恶化。朱元璋派人前去问候刘基,得知他已不能起床了,便让他乘坐传送公文的船返回青田家乡。
不久后,一代绝世奇才便这样去世了。
毒杀刘基,这是后来胡惟庸的一大罪状,但下毒是否为朱元璋的授意,已成悬疑。不过这出自朱元璋的授意可能性极大。首先,刘基死于洪武八年四月,胡惟庸进中书省是洪武六年七月,那时胡入相时间不长,地位并不稳固,还处在“考察期”,又有汪广洋牵制,未必能够胆大妄为到这个程度。胡惟庸虽然嫉恨刘伯温,但并无深仇大恨,弹刻刘基的奏章也强词夺理,没有能令人信服依据,如果没有来自皇帝方面的一些默许,本身就有诬告嫌疑,很可能反过来惹火上身。更何况刘伯温已归隐,不可能对其地位权势构成威胁,做下毒这种风险很大而毫无回报的事,对身居丞相高位,且以精明干练著称的胡惟庸而言,应该还不至于笨到这个程度。
再者,不露痕迹地毒杀功臣是朱元璋的拿手绝技,李文忠、徐达也是这样因病受到探望和赠药之后便不明不白的死掉的。关于李文忠之死,《明史》载:“十六年冬遂得疾。帝亲临视,使淮安侯华中护医药。明年三月卒,年四十六。”当然,淮安侯也逃不过抄家灭门的命运。至于徐达,“达在北平病背疽,稍愈,帝遣达长子辉祖赍敕往劳,寻召还。明年二月,病笃,遂卒,年五十四。”野史说,这是拜朱元璋的一只蒸鹅所赐。此外,与胡惟庸同为丞相汪广洋因否认胡惟庸毒杀了刘伯温,在贬责途中被赐毒而死。
刘伯温之死仅仅是一个开始。
五年之后,大清算终于来了。始于追查他的死因的胡惟庸案发生于的洪武十三年,最终的罪名则是不可饶恕的谋反。“词所连及,坐诛者三万余人”,实际数目远高于此,因为被杀的都是以家族为单位,杀一人也就是杀一家。坐胡案死的有李善长、朱亮祖二国公二十列侯,身为太子老师的宋濂虽免于死罪,但死于流放途中。十三年后,又有蓝玉案发生于洪武二十六年,坐蓝案死的有傅有德等一公十三侯二伯及诛连被杀者又一万五千人。朱元璋铢杀屠戮,用恐怖手段造成了至高无上,森严可怖的皇权。为朱姓江山的永固,所摧残的不仅仅是功臣的性命,更有国家民族的元气和活力。
刘伯温的死与胡惟庸有直接的关系。史料记载,刘伯温病重时,胡惟庸曾派人给他诊治,开了一些药,服后,腹中就有拳头大小的石头似的积物。1375年3月,朱元璋见刘基病情恶化,甚为怜惜,派人护送他回老家。回家只一个月,刘伯温就带着无限的忧怆、满腔怨恨离开了人间,终年65岁,一代谋略大师就这样凄凉的去了。
他死于胡惟庸的陷害,也死于皇帝的多疑。
公元1371年,朱元璋授予刘伯温弘文馆学士,可为何朱元璋还要夺了刘伯温的俸禄呢?
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