推荐回答(1个)
5月22日下午,财政部宣布将下调汽车整车进口关税,从25%下调至15%,从7月1日起开始执行。
财政部公告截图
这是继5月1日,增值税税率从17%下调为16%之后,又一项汽车相关税项的下调。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fc8ea15ce36d3d539407f62583687e950342ab0ef%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
一、进口车价会降低多少?
相比增值税只下调1%,本次关税下调的力度要大得多,高达10%。那么车价理论上可以下降多少呢?我们直接说答案:大约8%。换言之,100万的进口车,售价有望降低8万元。
怎么算出来的呢?首先,一辆进口车,在卖给消费者之前,需要交三项税款:关税、消费税、增值税。报关价,再加上这三大税项,就是这辆车的含税成本价:
含税成本价 = 报关价+关税+消费税+增值税
三大税项的计算公式如下:
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F023b5bb5c9ea15cec2ac8d92ba003af33b87b2ef%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
由于增值税税率固定为16%,而消费税率随排量大小浮动,所以,当关税从25%下降到15%后,含税成本价的计算公式变化如下:
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F8b13632762d0f70358a1f84704fa513d2697c51e%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
用新的成本价,除以老的成本价,其实就是用133.4除以145,结果是0.92。也就是说,含税成本价是降税前的92%,因此,所有进口车的价格,理论上都可以下调8%。
不过,汽车的进口总成本,除了含税成本价之外,还有资金费用、仓储费用、物流费用、人员费用等杂项,这些杂费是不会因为关税下调而下降的,并且,还要预留出销售利润,所以,假如最终车价的降幅低于8%,也是不难理解的。
尤其是目前已经报关出来的车,这些车都已经按老税率通关完税,要是降价8%,亏损是不可避免的。
也因此,在7月1日到来之前,基本不会再有进口车申请报关了。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F1b4c510fd9f9d72a8b267d86d82a2834359bbbef%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
二、汽车进口总税率降多少?
这8%的理论降幅,是从终端售价的角度计算的,而对于进口商而言,他们从海外采购汽车,进口总税率会下降多少呢?我们先看看关税下降前后,总税率的计算公式:
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F838ba61ea8d3fd1f0e6ecfa13c4e251f94ca5fc1%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
按照不同排量段对应的消费税率,我们可以算出降税前后的进口总税率:
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Ff636afc379310a552575b36fbb4543a9832610d3%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
我们会发现,汽车进口总税率下降了11.6%到19.33%。为什么进口总税率最高能降19.33%,而车价却最多只能降8%呢?这是因为,19.33%是以报关价为基数的,基数小;而8%是以含税成本价为基数的,基数大。
实际上,我们给各排量段的新老总税率都加上100%,再相除,结果也是0.92。所以,无论新老总税率相差多少,最终演算到车价上,理论上降幅都是8%。
5月份增值税下调1%后,跟进宣布官方降价的中规进口车并不多,因为幅度太小(理论车价降幅0.85%)。但这次7月份的关税下调,预计中规进口车厂家们,都会跟进官方降价。我们以几款热门中规进口车为例,若是按8%的最大理论降幅,中规官方调价的降幅将如下:
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F43a7d933c895d1432a2789b87ff082025baf07d3%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
需要强调的是,以上只是理论上的可调价幅度,中规厂家们跟进调价的时间,以及各厂家调价的幅度,目前都不确定。
平行进口车方面,价格滑坡其实早在今年年初就开始了,除了丰田的中东版车型由于货源收紧,因而价格坚挺之外,其他大多数平行进口车,价格一直在持续走低,甚至有部分车型,在此之前就已经处于亏本甩卖状态,包括途乐、奔驰GLS450、路虎揽胜等等,这些本来就在亏本的车型,是不太可能再降8%的。
因此,平行进口车的价格降幅,预计不会像中规进口车那么大。
当然,即便中规车的官方指导价真下调8%,也不能排除中规4S店会通过缩小优惠幅度的方式,变相蚕食官方降价的部分幅度。但从长远来看,中规进口车整体价位下降8%,是可以期待的,毕竟市场竞争是一直存在的。
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