春天的小麦要怎样施肥

2025-02-07 19:11:57
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

小麦应该施好春肥

1、返青肥
麦苗开始返青时追肥,能巩固冬前分蘖,增进春季分蘖,相应增加每亩穗数,并能增大中部叶片,促进小花分化。大面积生产上,瘦地、晚麦、弱苗,往往群体偏小,穗数不足,是影响产量的主要因素,应早施返青肥,促进春发。每667平方米(1亩)追施碳铵30千克(30公斤)或尿素15千克(15公斤),前期肥料较足,生长较好的一般麦田,原则上不施返青肥。

高产小麦,在返青拔节孕穗阶段,叶色有一个“青——黄——青”的生理变化过程。它反映了植株生长中心的顺利转移和营养物质的重新分配。应根据叶色变化和群体动态,灵活掌握。凡能正常返青的,一般不施返青肥。如果要施返青肥,也应以吊边、“捉黄塘”、促平衡为主,以保证中期稳长老健,控制中部叶片,蹲住基部节间,减少无效分蘖。

2、拔节肥
施小麦拔节肥,兼有促花和保花的作用,有显著减少退化小穗和退化小花数,是提高每穗结实粒数的关键肥;还能巩固有效分蘖,促进上位次生根生长和充实茎秆,使穗下节间伸长,增强和延长上三叶的功能期,每667平方米(1亩)施尿素5千克(5公斤),有利籽粒形成和灌浆。

追施拔节肥的时间要看苗确定:在正常情况下,必须掌握群体叶色退淡,分蘖高峰已过,基部第一节间定长时施用;凡遇群体苗数不足,拔节前叶色已经落黄时,应适当提前施肥。

3、剑叶肥
施用剑叶肥是小麦高产栽培的一项新技术。施用得当,可以改善这一时期养分供应状况,扩大剑叶面积,延长上三叶的功能期,减少小花退化数,提高结实率,延长灌浆持续时间,增加粒重。施用剑叶肥,必须根据苗情长势,掌握得当,如果失时、过量,也会造成倒伏、贪青、晚熟、减产等不良后果。一般每667平方米(1亩)追施尿素3千克(3公斤)为宜。

回答2:

(1)高、中产麦田。

高产麦田地力水平高,生产条件好,连年氮肥投入量过大,但钾肥投入相对不足。在施肥上要增加有机肥的投入,全面实施秸秆还田,按照控氮稳磷增钾补微的原则。高产麦田(500千克/亩以上)亩施有机肥4米3、纯氮(N)14~17千克、磷(P2O5)8~10千克、钾(K2O)8~10千克。施肥方式,磷肥一次底施,氮肥30%底施、60%拔节期追施,10%于小麦孕穗期追施;钾肥70%底施,30%拔节期追施。中产麦田亩施有机肥3.5米3、纯氮(N)12~15千克、磷(P2O5)7~8千克、钾(K2O)5~8千克。施肥方式,氮肥40%底施,60%拔节期追施;钾肥70%底施,30%拔节期追施;磷肥一次底施。微肥施用,可选用硫酸锌或硫酸锰拌种,每千克种子用肥2~4克。小麦生长中后期喷施磷酸二氢钾,以增加小麦千粒重。

(2)晚播麦田。

晚播麦田因腾茬晚,播种后延,冬前积温不足,要重肥促苗,以达到冬前苗壮,春季转化快的目的。高产田亩施有机肥3米3以上,纯氮(N)14~15千克、钾(K2O)6~7千克、磷(P2O5)8~9千克;中产田亩施有机肥3米3以上,纯氮(N)12~14千克、磷(P2O5)6~7千克、钾(K2O)5~6千克。施肥方式,氮肥40%~50%底施,50%~60%拔节期追施,磷钾肥一次底施为宜。中后期针对性叶面喷施多元微肥。另外,麦棉套作区由于钾消耗量较大,可适当增加钾肥用量。

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