怎样治疗心力衰竭?

2025-03-06 18:00:23
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

急性心力衰竭症状凶险,病情紧急,如果不及时抢救,常有生命危险。应该立即给予氧气吸入,条件许可时,氧气可通过20%~30%乙醇(酒精)溶液后再吸入。昏迷病人,应该取面罩加压给氧,用高压氧舱抢治治疗更为理想。在一般的家庭中,应该首先让病人坐位或半卧位休息,两足垂放在床边。如果能明确诊断为急性左心衰竭,病人伴有烦躁时,要优先选用小量吗啡或杜冷丁注射(高龄老人慎用)。选用快速强心药(毒毛旋花子甙K或西地兰)、血管扩张药(酚妥拉明、硝普钠或哌唑嗪、消心痛等)、利尿药(速尿、利尿酸钠或双氢克尿塞等),都是紧急抢救措施。对于心力衰竭的病因(如高血压、心律失常等),也不可忽视,同样要给予积极治疗。紧急抢救应根据当时当地的条件,尽可能给予应急治疗。病情稍稳定,尽可能安全转送条件较好的医疗单位。但是,病情不稳定时,力争请附近医疗单位的医生出诊治疗。

慢性心力衰竭的治疗,主要设法减轻心脏负担,增强心肌的工作能力。家庭中要有很好的休息条件,需要高枕卧位或半卧位休息,合理的饮食配合治疗。有效地治疗引起慢性心力衰竭的病因,有风湿性病变者,要控制风湿活动;过高的血压波动,要进行降压治疗;甲状腺功能亢进者和贫血病人,也要有相应的治疗。这样,慢性心力衰竭的治疗效果才能有保证。具体治疗时,通常应用强心药、利尿药和血管扩张药。洋地黄类药,一般采用小剂量地高辛口服的方法,血管扩张药中,哌唑嗪常被首选。另外,还要积极预防情绪激动、劳累、各种感染和心律失常等加重心力衰竭的诱因。

回答2:

你好:
  一、病因治疗
  可以引起心衰的原因,几乎囊括了所有的心脏疾患和可以引起心脏功能受损的一些相关疾病,在心衰治疗的时候,必须针对心衰的病因治疗,才能有效地阻止心衰的进一步发展,否则我们只能是治标不治本,达不到从根本上预防心衰发展的目的。针对病因治疗,需要了解引起患者心衰的原发疾病,然后有针对性的进行处理。
  二、药物治疗
  药物治疗是所有心衰治疗的基础,药物主要从两个方面来治疗心衰,一方面是改善症状治疗,可以有效地改善患者的生活质量,主要措施就是强心、利尿、扩血管以及其他一些常用措施,这些药物和手段有很多,我们不再一一提及!另一方面是改善心衰症状治疗,主要包括ACEI/ARB、β受体阻滞剂、醛固酮受体拮抗剂、ARNI、窦房结功能抑制剂等,当然,今年欧洲心脏病年会新晋的心衰治疗明星——达格列净,我们不得不也提到,它有望成为继以上心衰药物之后的心衰治疗又一利器!
  三、三腔起搏器心脏再同步化治疗
  三腔起搏器心脏再同步化治疗(CRT),适应症并不是所有的心衰,主要适用于完全束支传导阻滞、EF值小于35
以下、左室舒张期内径大于55,以及药物治疗效果欠佳的心衰患者!CRT可以减少左室和右室内非同步收缩,改善左心室的整体功能,增加左心室充盈时间,减少室矛盾运动及二尖瓣返流,最终改善心功能。
  四、心脏移植
  对于治疗心衰的所有方案均反应不佳的心脏终末期患者,如果有适合的供体,心脏移植可能是扩张性心肌病心衰终末期患者的最后一根救命稻草!但因为供体和其他原因,心脏移植开展仍然较少!而且不是每个人都有机会进行心脏移植!
  五、其他治疗
  左室辅助装置、植入式人工心脏转复除颤器等其他心衰终末期的治疗,仅仅个别大的心脏中心有过个案报道,有些甚至只是从文献看到过,还没有大面积开展,期待这些技术的发展给心衰患者带来更多的福音,或许就在不久的将来!

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