推荐回答(5个)
磷酸二氢钾辨别真假可以倒在水里看一看。
我们可以用一个透明的杯子,取一杯水,再取一勺子磷酸二氢钾放入水里,再加入一勺子食用碱,也加入水里。
当它们溶解的时候,若是发现有很多小气泡冒出,那就是真的,若是没有气泡或是气泡比较少,那就是假的或是不纯。
1.“看”
首先要看肥料包装。国家有关部门规定,化肥包装袋上应注明产品名称、养分含量、等级、商标、净重、生产标准代号(每种肥料都有国家规定的生产标准,如尿素的标准代号为GB2440-2001,复混肥料的标准代号GB15063-2001)、厂名、厂址、生产许可证号码(肥料生产企业,在取得营业执照后,经过技术监督部门检查验收后,才能取得生产许可证,有许可证说明它具备了生产该肥料的能力)、肥料登记证号(2000年6月颁布的肥料登记管理办法规定:生产复混肥、配方肥、精制有机肥、床土调酸剂、微生物肥料、叶面肥要求进行肥料登记)等标志;如果上述标志没有或不完整,可能是假化肥或劣质化肥。我们在肥料市场上发现,一些假尿素,包装袋上标注的产品名称为尿素,可生产标准代号却是复混肥的生产标准代号GB15063-2001,还有一些假冒尿素,产品名称为硫基尿素、速溶尿素,养分含量标有酰胺氮占总氮大于等于46.3%,氮大于等于30.6%,钾大于等于10%,硫酸根大于等于30%,实际上是低含量的复混肥。
因此,仔细看包装很重要。另外,假冒伪劣肥料的包装一般较粗糙,包装袋上信息标识不清,袋子质量差,易破漏。其次,看肥料的粒度(或结晶状态)。氮肥和钾肥多为结晶体;磷肥多为块状或粉末状的非晶体,如钙镁磷肥为粉末状,过磷酸钙则多为多孔、块状;优质复合肥粒度和比重较均一、表面光滑、不易吸湿和结块。如:俄罗斯产三元素复合肥(16-16-16)和美国二铵。而假劣肥料恰恰相反,肥料颗粒大小不均、粗糙、湿度大、易结块。第三看肥料的颜色。各种肥料都有其特殊的颜色,氮肥几乎全为白色,有些略带黄褐色或浅蓝色;钾肥中氯化钾为白色或淡黄色或粉红色,硫酸钾为白色或淡黄色,(钾肥的颜色主要有生产钾肥的钾矿中所含的杂质决定。)磷酸二氢钾呈白色;磷肥多为暗灰色,如过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥是灰色,磷酸二铵为褐色等,掺混肥料(BB)是有尿素、磷酸二铵、和氯化钾(或硫酸钾)混合而成,大都可以看到他们的颗粒颜色,农民朋友可依此做大致的区分。
2.“摸”
将肥料放在手心,用力握住或按压转动,根据手感来判断肥料。利用这种方法,判别美国二铵比较有效,抓一把肥料用力握几次,有“油湿”感的即为正品;而干燥如初的则很可能是用倒装复合肥冒充的。另外,市场上假冒普钙的主要有磷石膏、钙镁磷肥、废水泥渣、粉煤灰等,也可以通过“手感”,进行简易判断。普钙质地重,手感发绵但不轻浮;磷石膏质地轻,手感发绵比较干燥;废水泥质地比普钙重,手感不发腻、不发绵、不干燥,有坚硬水泥渣存在。
3.“嗅”
通过肥料的特殊气味来简单判断。碳酸氢铵(碳铵)有强烈氨臭味;硫酸铵略有酸味;过磷酸钙也有酸味。而假冒伪劣肥料则气味不明显。
真的磷酸二氢钾全部是白色结晶或粉状的固体成分,所有瓶装或袋装的液体磷酸二氢钾全部为假货,因为国家制定的磷酸二氢钾执行标准HG2321-92中,就没有、也不允许生产液体磷酸二氢钾。
看颗粒外观
真的磷酸二氢钾,颗粒大部分是两三毫米大的长柱状白色晶体,警惕颜色透明、均匀整齐,如果是粉末状或者浅黄色、淡黄绿色、颜色不透明的,就要十分小心了!
浅尝闻味儿:
真的磷酸二氢钾无色无味,开袋弄几个颗粒放入口中或者闻闻袋内,有清淡咸味儿是真的,但如果咸味十分重、发苦,或者闻到有臭味、氨味、奶香味的,那么就是假货。入口的磷酸二氢钾,浅尝后一定要记得吐掉哦!
用火燃烧:
真的磷酸二氢钾用火烧,火焰是紫色的,而且不会有氨味儿,但假货会有很浓的氨味儿。
太阳暴晒:
真的磷酸二氢钾,暴晒后颗粒颜色和性状不会变化,假的暴晒后会变色。
水溶观察:
真的磷酸二氢钾能够完全在水中快速溶解,并且无沉淀,在磷酸二氢钾水溶液中加入一点纯碱,冒泡的是真货,发生絮状沉淀的为假货。
供参考
第一张图片里右面的应该是真的
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