推荐回答（1个）
党参是深根系植物，应选择土层深厚，疏松肥沃，排水良好的砂壤土栽培，不宜在容易干旱的岗地和低洼易涝地种植。育苗地应选靠近水源，土壤较湿润的地块；移栽地应选择地势较高些，排水良好的地块，以防根腐病蔓延。利用荒地栽培党参，应在头一年秋季清除树木和杂草，晒干堆起，烧成熏肥施于田中，然后耕翻30厘米，随即耙细整平，根据育苗或移栽的要求做畦或打垄。 一般育苗地做畦，宽1.2-1.3米，长根据地形地势而定，以便于排水为宜，低洼地做高畦，干旱地做平畦，一般畦高15厘米、畦与畦间距30厘米左右；移栽地宜垄作，一般垄宽50-60厘米。
利用熟地栽培党参，也以秋翻地，秋整地，秋做畦或秋打垄为好，以免春旱，不利于出苗，利用熟地栽培应结合翻地每亩施有机肥2000-3000公斤。 种子直播春、秋两季均可进行。以秋播出苗较好，春播最好头年秋季整地做成畦或垄，以利保墒。秋播于10月初开始至地冻前播完；春播于3月下旬至4月上旬，一般采取撒播或条播。为了促进种子萌发和幼苗健壮生长，播种前最好将党参种子用50PPm的赤霉素溶液浸泡6小时，然后把种子捞出用清水冲干净稍加晾干即可播种，发芽率可提高。 因党参种子细小，为使播种均匀和播时不被风刮走，播种前将种子与草木灰、细沙或细土混拌均匀。撒播：将拌好的种子均匀地撒在畦面上，然后覆一层薄土，以盖住种子为宜，再覆盖一层山草，每亩用种量2-2.5公斤；条播：做成播种尺板，行距20厘米，或在整好的畦面上横开浅沟，行距20厘米，播幅10厘米，将拌好的种子均匀播于沟内，微盖细土，稍加镇压，再覆盖山草，每亩用种量1.5-2公斤；
党参田间管理
（1）覆盖：直播田和育苗田春播后，为了保墒，利于出苗，畦面应盖草，盖草不宜太厚，以达到保湿为度，待出苗时将草撒除。南方气候炎热小苗期应搭设荫棚，以避免强光。
（2）浇水：春播后要保持畦面湿润，利于种子萌发、出苗，幼苗生长期遇到干旱要及时浇水，浇水时间最好在早8时前，下午3时后进行。 （3）间苗除草：党参育苗期应见草就除，防止草荒；当幼苗长至5-7厘米高时，按株距3厘米进行间苗，结合间苗对缺苗严重的地方要进行补苗；直播田应分两次间苗，第一次间苗时间与密度与育苗田相同，第二次间苗于第二年春季出苗后进行，按株距5-7厘米定苗，将过密参苗间除，缺苗地方补栽。
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