推荐回答(3个)
常会听到有人说:你说"素食"是为了不杀生;但植物也是生命体,佛教不是也说"众生皆有生命"吗?吃素不也是杀生吗?这不是自相矛盾吗?!
实际上,这是因为对佛教知识的一知半解所产生的误会.
在佛经中,把宇宙间的生命分为多种层次及不同的层面。
比如:佛教对“地狱道、饿鬼道、畜生(大到鲸、象,小至虫蚁、微生物)道、修罗道、人道、天(诸天天人)道”(这里的‘道’字作‘类’或‘形态’解)等等,均划归于“有情生命”----即自身具有感情欲望、懂得生与死的含义、有相对的自主生存能力、知道主动逃避死亡和灾难痛苦等不利状况的生命形态。
对这些类型的生命过程,佛经中是用“生、老、病、死”来描述的;因为他(它)们都具有一定程度的护生、逃生能力,也具有自然死亡的权利和可能;但如果被人或其他生命形态有意无意的杀死,就形成了客观上中断其生命的“杀生”现象。所谓“不杀生”,就是指的不去杀死这些类型的生命形态。
而对于“日月星辰、江河大地、土石泥沙、树木花草、果蔬瓜茹”等物体,佛经中称它们为“无情生命”----即自身处于相对“无意识”或“无感情”的状态、基本上不具备主动求生和逃避有害状况的能力、客观上处于一种“被动生死”的生命形态。
对这些类型的生命过程,佛经中是用“成(形成、生成)、住(处于正常生存期状态)、坏(变质与损坏)、空(在经历大劫难时复归于‘空’)”来形容的。由于它们自身具有“被动生死”的特点,所以,一般的“不杀生”概念中并不包涵它们(虽然如此,佛经中仍然有不少的不得无辜砍伐和践踏花草、树木等“爱惜物命”之类的规定)。
佛经中这样的说法有无道理呢?我们可以客观地来分析一下:
人类在三百万年进化史中,一直面临着“肉食”和“素食”的两条饮食线。
肉食线----人类从出于动物生存本能的捕猎式“茹毛饮血”,发展到驯养动物变成“家禽家畜”来随时供给食用;从自然地喂养其成长到使用激素添加剂
“突长”
催肥,其主要目的只有一个--食肉寝皮。除非人等到其老死了才食用它们,否则,肉食均须“杀生”才能实行。
素食线----人类从象其他动物一样在自然界中觅食野生谷麻菜叶瓜果,到发现一些可以多年反复生长的“素食”类物种,到“刀耕火种”地进行人工种植,一直发展到今天的“机械化耕种”;当然其主要目的也是为了“吃”它们----所不同的是,这些粮食、蔬菜、瓜果生长到一定时期就成熟了(生长周期中的老、死状态),若不及时采摘收割,就会“瓜熟蒂落”或“穗熟籽落”(然后腐烂变质成无用之物,不但前功尽弃还暴殓天物),所以农村才会有“农忙抢收”季节。这并不是“杀生”,而是一种“爱惜物命”的自然收获(当然,为了“尝鲜”而提前采收则有贪口腹欲之嫌)。
因此,所谓的“素食也是杀生”一说,要么是出于无知或认识有误;要么就是贪食荤腥之人为了拉平与素食者的差距,而有意散布的自欺欺人之谈!
众生有十二类,其中一种:精神化为土木金石。蔬菜属这类无想无情。
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