推荐回答(2个)
混凝土的添加剂(外加剂)一般根据设计与施工需要进行选择,常用外加剂的品种有减水剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、微膨剂、防冻剂、抗渗剂、引气剂、阻锈剂、着色剂、泵送剂等。
按主要功能分为四类:
(1)改善混凝土拌合物流变性能的外加剂,包括各种减水剂、引气剂和泵送剂等;
(2)调节混凝土凝结时间、硬化性能的外加剂,包括缓凝剂、早强剂和速凝剂等;
(3)改善混凝土耐久性的外加剂,包括引气剂、防水剂和阻锈剂等;
(4)改善混凝土其他性能的外加剂,包括加气剂、膨胀剂、防冻剂、着色剂、防水剂和泵送剂等。
普通减水剂
混凝土坍落度基本相同的条件下,能减少拌合用水量。
早强剂
加速混凝土早期强度发展
缓凝剂
延长混凝土凝结时间
引气剂
在搅拌混凝土过程中能引入大量均匀分布、稳定而封闭的微小气泡
高效减水剂
在混凝土坍落度基本相同的条件下,能大幅度减少拌合用水量
早强减水剂
兼有早强和减水功能
缓凝减水剂
有缓凝和减水功能
引气减水剂
有引气和减水功能
防止剂
降低混凝土在静水压力下的透水性
阻锈剂
抑制或减轻混凝土中钢筋或其它预埋金属锈蚀
加气剂
混凝土制备过程中因发生化学反应,放出气体,而使混凝土中形成大量气孔
膨胀剂
使混凝土产生一定体积膨胀
防冻剂
使混凝土在负温下硬化,并在规定时间内达到足够防冻,强度
着色剂
制备具有稳定色彩混凝土
速凝剂
使混凝土迅速凝结硬化
泵送剂
改善混凝土拌合物泵送性能的
在规定用量内,外加剂基本上副作用很小
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