推荐回答（1个）
泡沫浮渣的原因主要可能有3种：
表面活性剂引起的，镜检泡沫和混合液可见丝状菌丰度差别不大，具体可检测表面活性剂含量。
诺卡氏菌以及微丝菌引起的，镜检可见浮沫丝状菌含量远高于混合液。格兰仕染色呈阳性。
反硝化导致污泥上浮。镜检可见大量气泡附着于絮体。量筒做沉降实验时可观察到严重的分层、断层上浮现象。
虽然现在污水处理行业不断有新的处理技术出现
但是起到的都是锦上添花的作用不足以撼动活性污泥法在水处理界的地位活性污泥法工艺控制
是每个水处理运营人员都应该掌握的
基本上每个在污水厂工作的运营人员都会遇到活性污泥法控制中的两大顽疾
一个是污泥膨胀
一个是污泥发泡
大家都知道活性污泥法有两个核心环节就是生化池和二沉池生化池是微生物吃掉污染物的场所
二沉池一方面要进行泥水分离保证出水达标另一方面还有一部分污泥需要回流到生化池
以保证生化池有充足的能干活的微生物
所以只有在生化池形成稳定的
沉降性能良好的絮体
才能在二沉池进行充分的泥水分离
而污泥膨胀和污泥发泡
很显然都不是健康的污泥形态要加以控制
我们首先来了解一下
一、污泥膨胀和污泥发泡是什么
1、污泥膨胀
污泥体积变大、含水率增加不易沉降的现象就是污泥膨胀
污泥膨胀分为丝状菌和非丝状菌膨胀丝状菌包括丝状细菌和丝状真菌而绝大多数的丝状菌膨胀都是指丝状细菌
非丝状菌膨胀是由于
非丝状菌过量繁殖导致的
2、污泥泡沫
污泥泡沫分为生物泡沫和非生物泡沫生物泡沫是由于特定丝状细菌过度增殖与污泥中的气泡和颗粒混合而形成稳定泡沫的现象呈棕色或灰褐色，十分粘稠一般在生化池表面堆积当污泥泡沫严重时
会出现在二次沉淀池表面
非生物泡沫主要是由于进水水质异常和操作异常而引起的污泥发泡现象此时不会发生丝状细菌过度繁殖的现象
非生物泡沫包括两种
一种是人工合成表面活性剂泡沫这种泡沫出现的原因有两个
一是进水中有大量难降解的表面活性剂物质导致生化池和二沉池产生泡沫
二是污水厂在运行初期时
由于污泥还在培养阶段
对有机物去除率低
导致生化池产生白色泡沫也就是我们常说的启动泡沫
在污泥培养成熟后
泡沫便会自动消失
另一种是反硝化泡沫
这是由于反硝化作用产生的气体
裹挟污泥上浮导致的
通常发生在生化池和二沉池的缺氧区
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