元代漆器有哪些品种?

2025-03-13 07:06:36
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

元代漆器主要有4个品种,即一色漆器、螺钿漆器、戗金漆器和雕漆。其中的雕漆已发展到登峰造极的地步,较之宋代有了巨大的变化。螺钿漆器虽发现不多,但其高超的制作工艺已由镶嵌厚螺钿发展到镶嵌五光十色的薄螺钿,更富于装饰意趣。

元代的一色漆器与宋代相比,数量很少。元代一色漆器的颜色有黑色、红色、珊瑚红色、褐色等。器形基本上与宋代漆器相同,只是宋代广为流行的花瓣形盘、碗到元代则基本不见了,代之以圆盘、圆碗。元代的一色漆器漆质光亮,器形端庄,风格质朴。

螺钿漆器是元代诸多瑰丽漆工艺中充满生机的作品。镶嵌在漆器上的螺钿有厚与薄之分,因而有“厚螺钿”与“薄螺钿”之称,由此形成了螺钿漆器的两大系列。“厚螺钿”又称“硬螺钿”,“薄螺钿”又称“软螺钿”。

元代以前的器物以镶嵌厚螺钿为主,从元代开始,厚、薄螺钿兼而有之。北京市元大都后英房遗址中发现的嵌螺钿广寒宫残片,是国内所知唯一的元代嵌螺钿漆器。

这件广寒宫图嵌螺钿黑漆盘残片,径约37厘米,呈不规则半圆形,木胎,用薄螺钿嵌出两层三间重檐歇山顶楼阁。因碎片中有“广”字痕迹,与景物印证,定名“广寒宫图”。

阁后植树,叶似梧桐、丹桂。云气自下腾空而上。不同物象,采用《髹饰录》所谓“分裁壳色,随彩而施缀”的做法。

元代漆器

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