推荐回答(1个)
咬毛的原因, 大致可分为三类:
1. 生理 (疾病)
2. 环境
3. 心理 (行为)
生理
a. 感染病毒 (e.g. PBFD)
b. 霉菌, 寄生虫, 羽虱
c. 过敏症, 营养不良, 不适当的羽翼修剪, 伤口, 荷尔蒙分泌不平衡
病毒 --- 羽毛不正常地生长, 促使鸟儿将它拔掉下来. 霉菌, 寄生虫, 羽虱, 过敏症, 营养不良 --- 都会令皮肤干燥而痕痒, 营养不良会减慢换毛的新陈代谢, 换毛的时间太长会令鸟儿烦躁不安.
不适当的羽翼修剪 --- 鸟儿因感觉不适会自行修理翼毛
荷尔蒙激增 --- 季节性的筑巢, 鸟儿会拔心口或腹部的羽毛放在巢箱内, 目的是将刚生出的蛋作保暖用途, 当哺育完毕, 鸟儿便不再拔毛.
荷尔蒙引发鸟儿天生繁殖本能, 很多鸟儿看来是正常健康, 可是他们没有同伴, 没有领域或群族, 鸟儿会因为没有伴侣而倾向拔毛行为, e.g. 鸟主的男女朋友可能会引起鹦鹉的嫉妒, 所以, 被抛弃的感觉会令鹦鹉撕掉羽毛来发泄心中的不满.
环境因素
a. 太窄的笼子, 不合适的企杆 --- 令鹦鹉情绪不安
b. 空气污染 (e.g. 香烟,化学品,清洁剂) --- 都会令鹦鹉皮肤痕痒
c. 干燥 --- 大部份的鹦鹉都来自潮湿的地方,暖气开放的房间应注意湿度是否合适
d. 光线 --- 是否经常处于黑暗地方,闪烁的灯光都会引起不安的情绪而咬毛
f. 新宠物的加入 (e.g.猫, 狗) --- 鹦鹉可能因为猫狗的出现而受惊和感觉极大的压力,长期受压后,当有一天他发现用力咬掉一条羽毛是可以令他的压力减低时, 他很可能重复地使用拔毛的方法刺激自己的肾上腺素上升而达到减压的目的, 可惜这时候鹦鹉的拔毛行为已可能成为习惯.
心理
a. 沉闷的生活 --- 鹦鹉从来没有学习适应与人类的生活,当家中没有人的时候,鸟主应该引导他怎样自得其乐 (留给他喜爱的玩具和食物, 或开启电视, 鸟儿的video 或收音机等, 陪他度过白天无聊的时间)
b. 吸引鸟主的注意力 --- 当鹦鹉发现每次拔毛的时候, 主人都表现很紧张地说"NO"或走向他跟前说话, 他便会意识到这是吸引主人关心的方法, 便不断地作出拔毛的行为来令到主人更加爱护自己, 所以, 主人越紧张的, 便越会加强鹦鹉拔毛的决心.
c. 压力 --- 如果笼子放置在门窗前, 可能引来鹰或其它动物的袭击. 另一方面, 如果主人经常表现忧虑, 鹦鹉也会同样感到压力的存在.
治疗方法
1. 完整的医药, 营养改善工作
2. 寻找任何环境因素导致给鹦鹉的压力
3. 重新改变鹦鹉的习惯
怎样改变鹦鹉的习惯 ---
a. 当主人和鹦鹉共处一室的时候, 看见鸟儿开始想咬毛, 主人立即做一些发出声音的动作, 鹦鹉会因为主人的突然举动而停止咬毛的动作, e.g. 敲打木椅子, 拍手等, 如果鹦鹉停止咬毛后, 主人应加以赞许, 和不断做动作吸引他的注意力.
b. 暂停活动的时间或休息时间开始: 当鹦鹉开始咬毛, 主人立即用布盖上笼子, 关闭电视或收音机, 怒气冲冲地离开屋子, 10分钟后再回来看他, 对他说 "你是否要这样做么?" 如果鹦鹉再次咬毛, 立即向他说 "No!" 然后再次离开 ! 记住每次鸟主或家人也要这样地离开鹦鹉.. 如果遵守, 改善咬毛的习惯的成功率会很高 !
严重咬毛 (皮肤损伤流血) --- 看医生, 服用镇定剂减轻鹦鹉的压力, 如流血必要时带护颈圈防止伤口再被咬破.
最后, 咬毛行为不是一定能治疗, 咬毛时间越长, 治疗时间越久, 重要的是, 鸟主应该好好爱护鹦鹉, 买前应细心考虑自己的条件是否适合饲养他们 !
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