推荐回答(5个)
蝴蝶兰开完花后,花茎可以剪,但最好不要全剪(根据整株的状态决定,如果根和叶都非常健康强壮,建议保留几节花茎,一般2个多月后可发出新花芽),从第1朵花或者第1分支附近剪掉,剩余的残花柄仍有芽,养到一定时间能再发。
对于兰科植物,不要让其结果,因为即使能结果,用种子繁殖难度大,而且结果过程中是消耗养分的。能否施肥,花后观察植株生长情况再确定。
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一般要想让蝴蝶兰在开花后重新长出新的花枝,至少要等到下半年才行哦。当然在这期间你要保证不让这株蝴蝶兰死掉才行,所以开花后日常养护也要很注意。
蝴蝶兰开花前后养护:蝴蝶兰花芽形成后,应多施磷直到开花为止。当花茎向上抽出,有向一边倾斜趋势时,应立支柱绑缚不使花梗断折。以后,花梗渐长渐高,绑缚也应渐次进行,支柱略成弧状,增强美感。在开花期与新叶长出之前停施肥料。
蝴蝶兰开花基本结束后,先将其残花梗剪去,把兰株轻轻从花盆中脱出,把周围的旧盆栽基质去掉,不要伤及其幼嫩的肉质根,用剪刀将老根、烂根和黄叶剪去,稍加摊晾,再用浸泡透的新苔藓将根部包起来上盆即可,注意应使根系均匀分开,不能几条根挤靠在一起。它的生长适温白天为25℃至28℃,晚上为18℃至20℃,夏季32℃以上,冬季10℃以下即生长停滞。32℃以上的高温对蝴蝶兰十分不利,会促使其进入半休眠状态,影响到秋季的花芽分化。正常的花芽分化,需在18℃以下方可顺利进行,应将其搁放于夏季遮光70%、春秋季遮光50%的场所,相对空气湿度保持在70%左右。浇水夏季1天至2天一次,冬季每周一次,浇水时间最好安排在白天的上午,夜晚以前水分能完全收干,叶片、叶柄不带滞水过夜,以免引起病害。刚换盆时,应保持栽培基质相对稍干,控制浇水,可促进其萌发新根,且能避免老根腐烂。
孕蕾、开花期需水较多,只要室温不过低,看到栽培基质表面变白发干,就应给予补充浇水。夏季应将其搁放于通风良好的场所,地面置碎石并经常喷水,借以提高空气湿度。开过花的成龄植株,每年花谢后要补充追施三要素均衡的肥料,秋季追施磷钾肥,最好使用兰科植物专用肥。为防止蝴蝶兰叶片出现病害,可每10天喷洒一次克菌丹500倍液,以防止炭疽病、褐斑病的发生蔓延。
蝴蝶兰的家庭繁殖比较简单,可用分株法,有些品种能在花梗上萌芽发根,将其剪下另行栽种即可。一些较大的植株,会长出许多气生根,可剪取带有2条至3条气生根的上部另植盆中,余下的茎基经过一段时间,能再长出新芽而成新植株。待新株又长出数条气生根后,可于春季再行分株种植。
蝴蝶兰开完花以后,长茎要剪,但不能齐根剪掉,要从根部留出3-5个节,以上部分就可剪掉了。经过一段时间的休眠以后,还会长出新的花茎和花蕾。
蝴蝶兰要使用正确的修剪和养护方式才会第二年开花,下面说下具体的做法:
一、基质容器
蝴蝶兰是附生性兰花,以气生根附着于岩石或树干生长,从空气中吸收水分和养份。因此,植料以疏松透气的材料为佳。所以盆栽材料最好不选单纯表土或园土,而选用如水苔、树皮、树蕨根、碎砖瓦、椰子壳。纤维、陶粒等基质为宜。或直接把幼苗固定在木炭上,让其自行攀附生长,PH值为6.5左右。
种植蝴蝶兰应选用竹编器皿、多孔陶瓷盆或特制兰花盆,最好不要用一般的塑料盆。种好的幼苗不要搁置在地上,应挂起或摆放在架子上,以利于气根伸长和生长,便于盆中基质干燥后吸收空气养分,注意避见因底孔堵塞积水导致烂根甚至死亡,或地下害虫钻人盆内危害植株。
二、种苗繁殖
蝴蝶兰属单轴型兰花,一生只产生一条主茎和一个生长点,种苗繁殖主要采用组织培养、无菌播种繁殖和花梗催芽繁殖法等方法。
组织培养和无菌播种用于大规模生产繁殖;分株繁殖通常用于少量繁殖或家庭繁殖。分株法操作简单,但相对成苗率较低,其具体做法如下:当花凋落后,留14个节间,多余的花梗用剪刀剪去,然后将花梗上部13节的节间包片用利刃切除,用蘸有吲哆丁酸或生根粉的药棉均匀涂抹在裸露的节间,将处理过的兰株置于半阴处,温度保持在25~28℃。2~3周后即可见芽体出叶,3个月左右可产生3~4叶带根的小植株,即可切下上盆栽植。
三、栽培管理
生产上引进的组培瓶苗,放在花架上1周左右,使瓶苗在自然环境中适应几天,再从瓶中移出。应先在1000倍的多菌灵药液中浸泡处理2~3分钟,捞出后用水冲洗干净,然后用短毛笔轻轻地把附着在根上的培养基清洗干净,再用清水冲洗,否则易发生霉烂。杀菌后的种苗用较细的水苔种植,水苔应先浸泡3~4小时后洗净挤干,并进行杀菌处理。种时先把种苗的根部包上水苔,种植于适宜的软盆中,水苔要松紧适宜,置半萌处,保持相对湿度70%~80%,种后2~3天内不浇水。后期应注意通风,定时灌水。
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