现在还有旱稻谷吗?哪里可以买到

2025-04-01 10:45:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  种子市场都有卖的,价格还不是太清楚,你看看下面的介绍,有几个品种还可以.   旱稻 陆稻,性耐旱,适于旱地种植的栽培稻,亦称旱稻,泛指能适应生长于无垠旱地、坡地及干旱生态环境下的栽培稻类,是水稻的变异型。   陆稻(旱稻)的原始栽培可追溯到7000年前,通常种植于热带、亚热带的山区、半山区的坡地、台地或温带的少雨旱地。陆稻和水稻在形态、生理上有不少差别,但一般在缺水状况下才表现明显。陆稻种子发芽时需氧较多,吸水力较强,而需水量较少,在15℃的温度下发芽较水稻快。芽鞘较短,中茎较长,第一、二完全叶较大,对氯酸钾的抗毒性较强。陆稻的粗根比例较大,根系发达,分布较深。主根上产生均匀的细根,根冠比较高,抗旱性强。在水田种植的陆稻和水稻,其根系的差异并不明显。陆稻的叶面积大,叶片生长缓慢,叶的中筋较厚,维管束和导管的面积较大,表皮较厚,气孔数较少,厚壁细胞较小,这些特性都与耐旱性较强有关。绝大部分陆稻品种的叶色淡绿,叶片长而下垂。   全世界陆稻种植面积约1900万hm2,占栽培稻总面积12.7%,其中,亚洲1216万hm2,占64%,主要分布在南亚和东南亚;拉丁美洲475万hm2,占25%,主要种植于巴西、哥伦比亚和智利;非洲209万hm2,占11%,主要分布于西非(表1)。陆稻具有耐早、耐瘠、适应性广等特点,在全球人口膨胀、气候变暖、水资源短缺的情况下,陆稻的开发和利用对保障全球粮食安全具有特殊的意义。   旱稻研究的意义:   (1)水稻旱作能充分利用自然降水,使水稻的种植不再受到人工灌水的限制,从而可大力扩大水稻种植面积,提高稻谷产量。   (2)有利于对低洼地、水沙地、河边、山间出水地的改造。这样的地块种植水田缺少灌溉条件,种植旱田夏季易涝,常年粮食产量极低,而改为水稻旱作粮食产量可成倍增长,经济效益可较大的提高。   (3)水稻旱作因充分利用自然降水,因而能节约大量的农业用水,降低生产成本,提高经济效益。   包括中国科学院院士洪孟民、张启发在内的多位农业科学家指出,干旱缺水已成为中国粮食安全保障的关键性制约因素。有关统计资料显示,中国农业用水占到总用水量的70%,但农业灌溉水利用率仅为每立方米产粮0.8公斤,不及发达国家的40%。这种高耗低效导致了对水土资源的过度开发和生态环境的恶化。中国人均占有水资源量只有世界人均占有量的四分之一,属水资源脆弱国。而且中国水资源时空分布极不均匀,地区之间、季节之间降雨量差别极大。特别是7月中旬以后,雨水减少的趋向最明显,这个时候正处水稻等主要农作物灌浆成熟的关键生长期,对水的需求最大。2005广西严重干旱,导致很多地区粮食作物颗粒无收。据专家预测,中国只要在玉米、小麦、水稻和秋杂粮的种植领域内实现节水品种的突破,就具备421亿立方米的节水潜力,而且还具有不需工程和设施投入、农民易于接受和使用的优势。   中国科学家已在节水抗旱稻的研究上已经取得一定的突破,中国水稻研究所,中国农业大学等大学和研究机构都取得了不少研究成果。其中上海市农业生物基因中心已建立起科学的抗旱性评价系统,筛选出优异的抗旱性种质,获得了一批抗旱候选基因。利用旱稻的节水抗旱性和水稻的丰产性,育成世界上第一个杂交旱稻不育系,在国际上率先实现了杂交旱稻的三系配套,培育成一批节水抗旱稻种。目前国内多个研究所(院校)培育已经通过审定的品种有:旱稻502 旱稻277 旱稻297 旱9710 中旱3号 郑旱2号 丹旱稻4号 京优13 辽旱403 旱稻271 郑旱6号 赣农旱稻1号 绿旱1号 旱稻65 旱稻9号 旱丰8号(原名:沈农99-8)辽旱109夏旱51 中作59 丹旱稻2号(原名:K150)等。

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