推荐回答(1个)
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地块选择:
选择耕作层深厚,土壤疏松,光照好,排灌方便、中等或中上等肥力的地块。每个村地块要尽量成片集中。
精细整地:
种植马铃薯的土地要进行深耕细耙,精细培土,使土壤疏松,提高土壤的蓄水保肥能力。

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选种、切种、种薯处理:
种薯要无病、无伤、无裂,尤其以6钱—1两左右的小薯块整薯做种最好。大块薯做种,要处理好切块,切薯一般都在室内。所用刀板等用具应严格消毒,切刀要快、薄,绝对干净,一般准备两把刀,一把泡在75%的酒精液、0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液或盐水里,当用做切薯的刀切到病薯时要马上换刀并及时淘汰病薯。切薯时要竖切,要保证每个薯块有2个以上芽眼。

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合理密植,提高种植质量和规格
播种时间在1月中下旬至2月初为宜,采用双垄高埂方法播种,根据品种特性和土壤肥力一般采用3尺播幅,即大行距1.8尺,小行距1.2尺。窝距6寸,亩播种6600窝;
或2.8尺播幅,大行距1.8尺,小行距1尺,亩播种7100窝。播种要求深、直、匀。即深犁、深种,深盖土,播种深度在7.5寸左右。播种要选择晴天或阴天,不能在雨天播种或大雨后立即播种。套种地6尺(1200米下地方采用)或5.5尺(1200米以上地方采用)开厢,3尺在1月下旬至2月上中旬种植2行春薯,两行间距离为1尺,播种后将两行覆土盖成一垄。予留行内在3月下旬至4月上旬种植两行玉米。

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合理施肥
底肥以施充分腐熟农家肥和马铃薯专用肥为主,每亩施用农家肥1500~2500公斤,马铃薯专用肥60~80公斤,或45%硫酸钾复合肥40公斤。幼苗出齐后,结合中耕重施一次速效提苗肥,亩追尿素10公斤左右;现蕾前苗高20厘米左右时,结合培土再施一次结薯肥,亩用粪水700公斤泼施,结薯期(植株开花前后)用3%的磷酸二氢钾加3%的尿素溶液喷茎叶1~2次,根外追肥时加入0.1%硫酸铜和硼酸混合液增产效果更好。
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中耕管理
马铃薯出苗后,应及时中耕除草。
出苗一个月左右,第一次中耕、除草、培土,把空行内的土培一部分到马铃薯行上;间隔一个月左右,进行第二次中耕、除草、培土,尽量把空行的土培到马铃薯种植行上,使埂高达到6寸~9寸,使埂面形成垄,空行形成沟,春旱时有利于灌水,夏季降雨集中的时候,有利于排水。一般进行中耕垒埂2~3次,真正达到深种深盖,从而保证马铃薯生长所需的养分和水分,使马铃薯块茎全部深埋土内,以增加结薯量,提高产量。
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摘花去蕾
对于结浆果较强的品种,在马铃薯现蕾后,要及时摘除花蕾,以避免因开花结果造成的养分消耗,保证薯块的养分供给。

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7
病害防治
第一次用药在出苗一个月左右,第一次中耕、除草、培土的时候,第二次用药在洋芋现蕾期,出现高温高湿天气时第三次用药。农药应交替使用,避免产生抗药性。
除了上述特点,及时了解农业资讯以及农业技术页必不可少。
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