推荐回答(4个)
刘心武先生提出,导致贾府事败被抄的罪证大致有以下四条:
1.宁国府贾珍私自藏匿废太子女儿秦可卿;
2.宁国府贾珍以赌博酗酒为名私自聚众练习弓马骑射,妄图参与叛乱;
3.荣国府贾政与被抄家论罪的甄家私自来往;
4.荣国府贾政具有“反清复明”的思想倾向,具体表现为他曾经召集贾宝玉、贾环、贾兰以及门客聚众吟诗赞美姽婳将军林四娘。林四娘原型为明朝青州的恒王抵抗清军进攻时的一位女性将领。
大背景是贾家支持的皇子失败了,但是贾家人都不知事,以为自己很厉害。后来元春死了,贾府明面上的支持者挂了,皇帝就动手了。
曹雪芹写的背景本来就不清楚,改了好多次,后面又不全,有的同人文中补得挺好的,可以参考。
贾府被抄家的原因:
从“红学”而非“曹学”的纯文学角度而言,根据周汝昌先生对原著的考证,其导火索主要是两宗人命案,都与贾赦这个老蠢物有关:一是贾赦为谋玉扇坠,害死石呆子;二是贾赦对抗婚一事心存报复,逼死鸳鸯。上述两案成为元妃暴薨,贾家失势后,忠顺王等仇家借机弹劾宁荣二府的直接证据。此外,包括窝藏金陵甄家财产、秦可卿金丝楠棺材“逾制”、以及贾氏族人仗势欺人等一系列或有或无的事情,最终一并种下了贾府败落的祸根。
贾府衰败的原因:
红楼梦是通过各种人物的活动,宫廷贵族的勾结与矛盾,各种男女恋爱的葛藤以及家庭中的日常生活和平凡琐事,生动而又真实地描绘出一幅贵族家庭衰败历史的图卷。红楼梦这一历史悲剧的历史意义与艺术价值,绝不是单纯地建筑在贾宝玉、林黛玉恋爱失败的基础上,而主要的是建筑在揭露贵族家庭的骄奢淫逸上。由於种种的腐烂与罪恶,结果是应了秦可卿所说的「树倒猢狲散」的预言,使红楼梦在结构上一反旧有小说的大团圆形式,而创造了极高的悲剧美学价值。在中国的古典小说里,专就结构的完整与布局的细密上说,很少有其他的作品能比得上红楼梦。
为了贾家的奢靡贪婪,许多人家弄得倾家荡产,许多人家出卖儿女,许多少年少女成为「贾府」的家奴与丫头。贾家的经济来源,一面支用公款,一面是敲诈和放高利贷。贾家那一套令人昏眩的吃穿享用,实际都是民脂民膏。而那些负债的穷户们,因为无法满足地主的要求,受不住压迫,结果是有的变卖产业,有的出卖自己的女儿。那些女孩子们无法反抗,只能怨恨自己的奴才命。宝玉有一次看见袭人的妹妹生得漂亮,想把她接到家里来,袭人听了冷笑道:「我一个人是奴才命罢了,难道连我的亲戚都是奴才命不成?」这话说得多麼伤心,多麼沉痛。
在贾家出入的那些锦衣玉食的『哥儿小姐』们,绝大部分是醉生梦死,看不见阳光的幽灵似的影子。他们不知道一粒米一尺布的艰苦来源,不知道耕牛犁锄的功用,有钱有势,养尊处优,不做一件正当事。有的只是『今日会酒,明日观花,聚赌嫖妓,无所不至』;有的是『勾通官府,包揽词讼,强奸民女,重利盘剥。』贾琏夫妇贾珍父子是这类人物的典型。
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