推荐回答(2个)
红薯制作饴糖
1、工艺流程:原料选择——洗薯——制淀粉——糊化——糖化——加热浓缩——成品
2、工艺操作要点:
①原料选择:应选择新鲜、无霉烂、无病虫害的红薯为原料。用于生产饴糖的红薯,所含淀粉转化糖的量对熬糖的产量来说是不受影响的。但如果红薯贮藏的时间过长,会使制成的饴糖颜色较深,使饴糖的成品质量下降。鲜薯最适宜加工饴糖。
②洗薯:取红薯装入洗薯机中,装入量约为机容积的1/3,将该机的门扣扣好,即用力摇转洗薯机。同时上面不断淋下清水。因红薯在机内互相冲击,薯皮上附着的泥沙被清水洗去。洗得愈净愈佳,如不洗净,则将来成品中有泥沙混入,影响质量。必须一直摇洗到红薯表皮大部分除去,即可停止摇洗,打开机门,将红薯取出。
③制淀粉:将已洗好的红薯放于石碾槽沟内或石磨上,加适量水可开始碾磨。碾子、磨子与红薯接触的部件,不得含有铁质,否则影响产品的色泽、气味和外观。把红薯碾磨成浆状,愈细愈好,如碾磨不细,将有一部分淀粉损失。取细竹或木棒捆一十字架,另取0.8米见方的稀白布,四端拴于十字架上,下接一盛水桶。将碾磨后的浆状物用瓢移入此布袋中,用入力摇动布袋,淀粉即随水穿过稀布面流入桶中,直至摇干为止。把浆全部摇完,再在残渣中加以适量桶中澄清的薯水,碾磨十次,务必使其完全成为浆状。这样才能把淀粉完全提出,以免造成损失。再如上法摇动过滤,所得滤液与上述滤液合并,残渣即可作为猪的饲料,或作酱油、甜酱等。将滤出的薯浆静置1小时左右,待上面液已澄清,即可倾出上清液,沉在桶底的白色浆即是淀粉,用布袋滤干水分,即为粗淀粉。一般每100千克红薯,可制得淀粉16~17千克。
④糊化:取已滤干的红薯淀粉放入夹层锅中,按100千克生红薯制得的淀粉加入清水1.50千克左右,配成约10%的淀粉浆液。煮约半小时,同时不断搅拌夕至成糊状,淀粉已被煮熟,糊化即算终了。
⑤大麦芽的制取:用大麦芽作为制作饴糖的糖化剂,需对大麦进行处理。先将大麦授于冷水中,水温约为23摄氏度,浸渍约1~2小时。如冬季水温较低,浸渍时间必须延长。用作原料的大麦必须清理杂物,并经浸渍后分离掉污水。麦粒浸渍不能太过,否则发芽力消失。麦粒浸渍含水以40%~45%为宜。经浸渍后,大麦送去发芽。发芽开始时由于呼吸,作用而使温度升高,可翻动散热。另外每天还要撒水2~3次。在室温25~30摄氏度时,4天可完成发芽,当芽长2厘米时即可使用。
⑥糖化:将已糊化的淀粉冷却至60~63摄氏度可加入麦芽汁,搅拌均匀。麦芽汁可用挤压机压扁麦芽而锅得。麦芽用量为鲜红薯原料的8%,压挤时必须使麦芽汁完全流出。糖化温度应保持在55~60摄氏度。淀粉在麦芽汁的作用下,逐渐糖化,变成麦芽糖和糊精,此时淀粉糊也逐渐变稀薄,糖化8小时,即取样用碘试液检查有无淀粉反应。加碘试液摇动后显蓝色、黑色或紫红色时,证明尚有淀粉未被糖化,故应保持温度继续糖化。如此每隔1小时取样检查一次,直到检查液呈现淡红色或近似碘试液的颜色时,即糖化完全,淀粉已变成麦芽糖或糊精。同时取半个试管的糖化液,在酒精灯上加热,煮沸1~2分钟,注意观察,如试管内的混悬物逐渐聚成较大的絮状物,并能与液体分离,静置1~2分钟后试管上部的液体能够澄清,则证明糖化已达终点。达到这个程度的糖化时间一般需要重2~14小时。糖化达终点后,即可升温煮沸糖化液,既可将糖化酶制剂杀死,又可将混悬物凝聚,便于过滤操作。
⑦加热浓缩:糖化过程结束后,用板框压滤机或布袋制得澄清的稀糖液,然后进行浓缩。浓缩一般采用加热蒸发水分的方法浓缩,加热的初始温度可以高些,在加热过程中要不断进行充分搅拌。糖液逐渐蒸浓时,温度高了,易发生焦化而使颜色加深,影响质量。故糖液愈浓,加热温度愈应降低。在加热浓缩过程中,在液面上有一层沫,要不断将这些浮沫除去。这些浮沫为蛋白质等物,而且浮在糖液表面也会妨碍水分蒸发,易出现溢锅现象。全部浓缩过程所需时间取决于糖液的含水量、加热温度小当糖液浓度为40波美度时,即为饴糖成品。
3、成品规格:
①化学质量:成品含糖量(以还原糖计)应在50%以上。
②物理外观指标:
比重:在40摄氏度测定,比重为l38 (波美40度)为合格。
色泽、气味:应为独淡黄色的半透明浓稠液体,无不良气昧和异味,昧甜香。
新鲜柠檬 两个
细砂糖 200g
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具体制作方法
1.新鲜的柠檬清洗干净,用纸擦干净,然后擦成柠檬屑
2.柠檬屑大小和图片里面差不多就可以了,只要柠檬皮,不要把里面白色也搓进来
3.把处理好的柠檬屑放进细砂糖里
4.用手把柠檬皮和细砂糖充分搓均匀,混合均匀,这时候手里的香气会很浓,特别好闻
5.搓好的柠檬糖如图所示,混合非常均匀
6.把搓好的柠檬糖均匀放在烤盘上
7.烤箱75度左右,烘烤柠檬糖,要烘烤到柠檬皮变干水分都消失,糖结块儿了就可以取出
8.等柠檬糖稍微放凉,用手把糖全部搓散开,又变成原来的细颗粒装,然后放凉,放入密封灌里保存就可以了
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