水稻可以在旱地种吗 旱地种植水稻方法

2025-02-13 19:46:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

半旱式栽培,是指在水田中,按一定规格,开沟起垄作厢,将水稻栽插在垄埂顶部两侧的水位线或厢面上。沟内灌水,并按水稻不同生育阶段调节水位高低,实行浸润灌的一种新型种稻方法。
整地起垄
冬水田在水稻收后及时翻耕,耙平田面,筑高田坎,蓄水过冬。开春后一般不再犁耙,但对土壤板结和杂草多的田块,在栽前半月应犁耙一次。起垄分两次进行,第一次在栽秧前5~7天进行,按规格拉绳开沟作出粗垄(深脚,烂泥田可提早至栽前7~10天),不宜过早,以免垄面裸露时间长,易滋生杂草,第二次于栽前2~3天,按质量要求进一步加高垄(厢)面,理通沟道,整理成形。冬作田则于小春收后,干耕炕垡数日,于栽前3~4天放水池田,整好田面,待土壤浸实后一次起垄作厢成形。
作垄规格分厢式和埂式。依品种、田的类型和利用方式而定。厢式一般厢宽60~80厘米,沟宽33~40厘米,沟深27~33厘米。埂式:一般垄宽27~40厘米,沟宽33~44厘米,沟深27~33厘米。大肥田和养鱼田适当放大垄,沟面宽度。作垄时田里要保持6~8厘米水层。刨起的泥要依次轻放,不打乱土层,不压,不抹光垄面。垄顶略呈瓦背形或平顶形均可。插秧后清沟,理垄1~2次,水稻收后不消垄。稍微清沟理垄,冬季继续利用做到持续免耕。
施肥
半旱式栽培的施肥量与平作田同,其施肥法一般采取重施基肥,早施追肥(氮肥一次施完,底肥占总肥量的70~80%,追肥占20~30%),在第一次作垄前将熟肥、碳酸氢铵和氨水等均匀撒入全田,尿素和速效磷钾肥在第二次作垄前撒施于头道平面上。追肥在栽秧后7~10天内施下,对生育期长的品种,中、小苗直插田块,还应在栽后20天左右看苗酌情补施一次追肥。
插秧
根据不同类型田块确定栽插秧苗种类,冷、阴,烂、锈田,常易“坐蔸”,最好插7~9叶龄的大苗。(多蘖壮秧),一般冬水田,宜插3.5~5叶中苗或2叶的小苗。厢式每垄上栽4~6行。埂式必须将秧苗栽在埂脊两侧水位线稍下,各栽1行。行距一般为16~20厘米,穴距10~13厘米:小苗秧每穴插双株,多蘖壮秧的杂交稻和常规中稻每穴6~8个茎蘖,每亩1.6~3万穴(依土壤类型及地区生态特点而定,云南偏多,四川偏少),12~18万基本苗(茎蘖)。
管水
插秧后灌水淹过秧苗基部2厘米左右,返青后进入分蘖期及时降低水位,露出秧蔸,保持半沟水,直至抽穗成熟均实行半旱浸润灌溉。兼养鱼的田,可在分蘖末期后,适当提高沟中水位,以利鱼类生长。
除草、防治病虫
由于垄埂面部分裸露,容易滋生杂草,应注意防除。除减少埂面裸。露时间外,提倡栽中苗及多蘖壮秧,使秧苗早封行,达到抑制杂草生长目的。另外,也可于栽后10~15天,亩用48%苯达松乳油250毫升或96%禾大壮乳油150~200毫升,或60%丁草胺乳油120~150毫升,12%恶草灵乳油150毫升兑水50升均匀喷洒埂面,尽量避免喷到秧苗上。或用上述药剂拌细土或河沙25千克均匀撒施在垄面上,但必须要薄水层,并且施药后保持5天以上,对水稻才安全。连续养鱼田一般不需化学除草,若须用除草剂。可选用对鱼较安全的果尔,农得时等低毒高效药剂。
半旱式栽培由于采用的是宽行、窄株栽插方式,一般病虫害较少,但也要注意,特别是后期防止稻飞虱等危害。

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