推荐回答(3个)
有些初学养兰的花友,往往对兰花的习性不甚了解,感到难以把兰花养好,烧尖倒苗,一两年后就只剩下几根枯桩了。究其原因,大多数都是由于兰根腐烂所致。俗话说,养兰先养根。根好、叶旺、花香。要栽培出一盆好兰花,先要从养好兰根做起,根群发育旺盛,根系作用能力发达,水分、养分的吸收、输送、光合、呼吸及能量贮存累积等能力方能正常进行,生长速度、繁殖能力、着花率也就增强。否则,根系不好或腐烂,丧失,水分、养分吸收输送受阻,光合、呼吸作用等能力降低,兰花也就会逐步衰竭死亡。造成兰花烂根主要是以下两个方面的原因:
栽培基质缺乏滤水透气功能
水乃万物之源,兰花的生长必须有水分才能进行养分吸收输送,并进行正常的代谢作用。兰花是属于气根性植物,在其生长过程中所需水分来源,一小部分由空气中的湿气供给外,大部分的水分必须由栽培的基质所含的水分吸取,兰根还要从兰盆内的基质孔隙中吸取氧气进行呼吸。倘若兰盆内的基质排水不良,含水率过高,水就会充满基质孔隙,造成积水现象,基质孔隙被水占满而缺氧气,根系缺氧窒息,久之根系功能逐渐丧失,此时又因有害病菌的侵入繁殖,根系即会因此而腐烂.
水质不洁或水的酸碱值不适宜.
选取配好种兰基质。种兰基质要滤水透气,润而不涝,干而不燥。现在市埸上售的兰花种植专用质料很多,也很适用,如四川的峨眉山土、崇州的膨化土,广东的多种兰花专用土,都是很好的兰花栽培质料。也可在这些质料中掺上部分腐叶土以补充肥力不足。也可就地取材,如风化土、碎砖粒、碎炭粒、碎栎树皮等,掺上适量腐叶土,效果也很好,既能滤水透气,又保湿不涝,还有一定的肥力。但要注意,所用质料必须无毒、无菌、无污染、无虫卵寄生,否则也会给兰花根系带来危害.
浇灌兰花的水一定要洁净。污染的水、不清洁的水不能用。有很多兰花书籍介绍,溪水、河水最宜兰花生长,但是大多数兰友都是住在城市,又不是专业经营兰园,要按此要求就很难做到。用自来水浇灌兰花,笔者从多年实中看,效果也很好,有条件的话把自来水用桶或盆放上几天,让水中之氯元素挥发掉那就更好。倘若用泉水或池塘水浇兰,应要注意用PH值试纸测试基酸碱值,PH值小于5,可添加石灰之类碱性物质进行调节,PH质大于6.5,可用盐酸、醋酸、柠檬酸等进行调节。
不论用什么质地的兰盆,盆底一定要有适当的孔眼,盆壁下部周围有几个孔眼就更好。总之,要能通气滤水。栽植兰花时兰盆下部可垫一层碎砖粒或炭粒,以利排水透气。兰盆的放置,要使盆底和盆壁的空气流通,有条件的话可用兰花架架空兰盆,这样效果更佳。要养成好兰花需要有适宜的温度、湿度、光照等环境,但是给兰根创造一个良好的环境是最重要的一环,培养好兰根,也就可以培养出理想的兰花。
很多花友都觉得兰花(详情介绍)比较难养,其实兰花是喜湿润的环境的,但是兰花的肉质根却怕涝,所以过湿或雨淋积水容易烂根,导致很多疾病的出现。那么如何才能预防兰花烂根呢?
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兰花(详情介绍)
冬季兰花处于休眠或缓慢生长阶段,盆土宜偏干;春、初夏是兰花生根抽叶生长的重要时期,盆土宜偏润;但长期过湿,也易造成烂根,引起叶片枯黄,甚至死亡。因为水分过量,造成土壤积水,透气性差,致使氧气不足,阻碍根部呼吸作用,引起根系变黑腐烂。梅雨或暴雨季节盆兰必须避免其危害,因久雨多湿,新叶上最易发生黑斑点,而且花蕊常有“烂衣”现象,影响开花和观赏。但是,盆土过干,易使假鳞茎干瘪或其他组织失水而影响代谢作用,也会导致组织纤弱,植株生长不良。秋季盆土宜偏湿,以利于来年抽叶正花。故养兰者应懂得“冬不湿、秋不干”的诀窍。
以上说明了兰花在不同时期对水分的不同要求,因此应根据要求严格掌握浇水量。同时,兰花施肥不当也易引起根系腐烂,如施肥过多、过浓或将液肥灌入叶鞘内,均会对兰花生产生不利影响。施肥时也要根据浇水量的多少而增减施肥量,使之协调生长。
养兰草总是干尖、烂根?注意以下两点,谁都能轻松养活!
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