康有为梁启超师徒为何反目?

2025-04-06 20:52:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在日本以及游历夏威夷和澳洲期间的见闻,尤其是所见识到的西学,让梁启超终于告别“托古保教”、“君主立宪”,转向“三界革命”以图“新民”。1902年起,梁启超屡次在文章中指名道姓地反驳康有为的“保教”言论,毫不容情地指出:我国学界的光明、人物的伟大,兴盛于战国时期,那是思想自由之明效。自汉以来,思想束缚于孔教,不能自开生面。今天的保教者,“所爱者仍在孔子,不在真理”。蔡元培多年后所做《中国新文学大系》“总序”与此同调啊!“张勋复辟”的丑闻爆出后,梁启超闻听康有为曾奔走有功,发通电怒斥自己的先生为“大言不惭之书生”,而康有为则痛骂“梁贼启超”为食父的恶禽“枭”、食母的恶兽“獍”。维新派领袖康有为,在少壮之年已经缔造了自己的学问巅峰,所谓“吾学三十已成,此后不复有进,亦不必求进”,抱残守缺;而永远“不惜以今日之我难昔日之我”、常被污为“善变”的梁启超,离自己的恩师越来越远,被骂作“不屑之子”、“忤逆之徒”!

其实,二人反目归反目,并不代表自此相互拆台。康有为终其一生都视梁启超为最信任和最可骄傲的弟子,那种欣赏既出自曾共同践行“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”的信诺,还有才智相当的惺惺相惜、棋逢对手的酣畅淋漓!同样,“吾爱吾师”与“吾爱真理”并行不悖的梁启超,终生对康有为以师事之,尽其所能满足老师的晚年所需。从康梁的师徒关系,我们也可以发现从“五四”新文化运动到二十年代梁启超与诸弟子如丁文江、徐志摩师徒感情的草蛇灰线。这令我回忆起2005年春拜访梁启超的小女、时已八十九岁高龄的梁思宁时的情景,她依然对梁家当年受康有为“保皇史”牵连无法释怀。或许,思宁不愿深思:既然“道不同不相为谋”,梁启超晚年何以仍对康南海礼遇有加?

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