古代官员的朝珠有哪几种形状? (二)求解答

2025-03-26 22:01:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

鉴赏学堂1、“隋侯之珠”的故事中,隋侯的宝珠是如何得到的? A.大蛇相赠B.渔人献宝C.祖传之宝D.大蚌遗落 马未都评:这里的“隋侯”不是隋代的诸侯,而是“隋国的诸侯”。战国时代,除了我们大家已知的七国,还有很多小国,隋国就是其中之一。隋侯姓姬。据古籍上记载,他有一次出行时碰见了一条受伤的大蛇,按照现在的说法,他很爱护动物,给大蛇涂了药,并帮它包扎起来,然后就把它放掉了。过了若干年,有一次他在船上,赶上狂风大作、天昏地暗,这时候河就开了,出现了一条口衔宝珠的大蛇。大蛇把宝珠举起来,送给了隋侯。隋侯遇到这条大蛇的时候是傍晚,天已经昏暗了,这颗珠古籍上记载叫“明月珠”,就是夜明珠。 答案:A.大蛇相赠 2、“夜明珠”指的是什么? A.珍珠B.银珠C.金珠D.石珠 马未都评:在古代,夜明珠又称夜光碧、明月珠等。夜明珠在中国文明史中是最具神秘色彩的珍宝,并为皇家私有。夜明珠有着深厚的历史底蕴,早在史前,神农氏就有石球之王,号称“夜矿”;春秋战国时代,有“悬黎”和“垂棘之碧”,价值连城;秦始皇以夜明珠陪葬,在陵墓中以代膏烛。最著名的要数慈禧口含的那颗为保尸身不化的夜明珠了,据说此珠夜间百步之内可照见头发。那么为什么把夜明珠说得这么玄呢?这个很简单。历史上,黑暗中的光源必须用火,火有一个特性是不能直接触摸,一摸人就灼伤了。而只有这种夜明珠可以攥在手里,它没有温度却又有光线,这个对古人来说是非常重要的。我试过拿着一个不大的夜明珠贴在纸上,它的光线足以让人看见纸上的字,所以古人就觉得这东西太神奇了。 答案:D.石珠 3、清代官员的朝珠有多少颗? A.99颗B.101颗C.108颗D.180颗 马未都评:朝珠是清代独有的一种礼仪,上朝时才佩戴,它是从佛珠演化过来的,所以它的珠子的数量就保持了佛珠本来的数目,即108颗。 我们在前面提到了朝珠的品级。最高品级就是皇帝佩戴的,这在清宫档案里记载得非常清楚,就是东珠。东珠就是珍珠,满族发迹于白山黑水之间,黑水珠就是指黑龙江流域生产的珍珠,他们认为是家乡出产的,所以认为东珠最好。东珠也叫北珠,因为它产于东北方。 答案:C.108颗 4、“掌上明珠”这一概念最早出自以下哪位的作品? A.屈原B.傅玄C.白居易D.曹雪芹 马未都评:首先看屈原,我们查遍屈原的著作,也没有找到过这个概念。再看晋代的傅玄,他写过一首《短歌行》,其中说“昔君视我,如掌上珠,何意一朝,弃我沟渠”。意思就是说,过去你看我的时候像掌上明珠似的,而今天怎么又把我扔到沟渠里了呢?这是一个很悲哀的概念。我们今天说“掌上明珠”一般是指女儿,而傅玄那时的概念跟我们今天的意思还不大一样。 第二个引入这个概念的人是白居易。白居易是“香山九老”之一,活到了75岁。但他人生有一个遗憾,他58岁的时候,曾经得过一个儿子,他取名叫阿崔,结果这儿子在3岁的时候——也就是白居易60岁的时候——夭折了。白居易写过“岂料鬓成雪,方看掌弄珠”,提出了“掌上明珠”这个概念,而且他不止一次在诗歌中提过。他在《哭崔儿》中写道:“掌珠一颗儿三岁,鬓雪千茎父六旬”,说的是“我的儿子才三岁就去世了,跟掌中珠似的,但是我已经60岁了,头发都已经白了”。 最后是曹雪芹。大家都知道,曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中描写,林黛玉的父母视她为掌上明珠。 我们从这整个过程的排列中可以看出来,“掌上明珠”最早是一个珍重的概念,慢慢由男孩子演化到女孩子身上。今天我们一般说“掌上明珠”就单指女孩。

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