推荐回答（3个）
美国独立战争结束后，13个殖民地地区 根据邦联条例，首次成立大陆会议为形式 的松散的中央政府。在这种体制下，大陆 会议没有征税权，同时由于缺乏全国性的 行政和司法机构，国会只能依靠各个州的 地方政府（各地政府之间往往缺乏协作） 来实施其指定的法律。同时，国会对于各 州之间的关税也无权介入。由于条例规定 只有所有州的一致同意才能修改《邦联条 例》，而且各州对于中央政府非常不重 视，经常不派员参加中央会议，因此国会 经常因为表决人数不足而被迫休会。
1786年9月，5个州的行政长官在安那波 利斯举行会议，讨论如何修改邦联条例以 促进各州之间通商往来。会后他们邀请各 州的代表来到费城进一步讨论发展联邦政 府的事宜。在激烈的辩论后，邦联国会在 1787年2月21日批准了修订邦联条约的方 案。除罗德岛州之外的12个州都接受了 邀请，并派代表参加1787年5月在费城举 行的会议。最初的决议案写明了这次会议 的目的是起草邦联条例的修正案，但是会 议最终决定重新起草一部宪法。费城制宪 会议代表投票同意采用秘密会议的方式， 并且同意新的法案需要获得13个州中的9 个州的批准才能生效。有人批评说这是对 会议权限和现行法律的逾越。但是对于邦 联体制下的政府极度不满的会议代表全体 一致同意将宪法草案交付各州表决。 1787年9月17日，宪法在费城正式完稿， 此后经过数个州立法机构伴随激烈辩论的 批准过程，1788年6月21日新罕布什尔 州成为第九个接纳宪法州。邦联议会随即 设置了宪法运作的时间表，在宪法框架内 运作的联邦政府终于在1789年3月4日成 立。
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