商业银行如何创造货币供给?

2025-03-16 13:56:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  货币供给的主要内容包括:货币层次的划分;货币创造过程;货币供给的决定因素等。在现代市场经济中,货币流通的范围和形式不断扩大,现金和活期存款普遍认为是货币,定期存款和某些可以随时转化为现金的信用工具(如公债、人寿保险单、信用卡)也被广泛认为具有货币性质。
  一般认为,货币层次可以划分如下:
  M1=现金+活期存款;
  M2=M1+定期存款;
  M3=M2+其他金融资产。
  货币创造(供给)过程是指银行主体通过其货币经营活动而创造出货币的过程,它包括商业银行通过派生存款机制向流通供给货币的过程和中央银行通过调节基础货币量而影响货币供给的过程。
  决定货币供给的因素包括中央银行增加货币发行、中央银行调节商业银行的可运用资金量、商业银行派生资金能力以及经济发展状况、企业和居民的货币需求状况等因素。货币供给还可划分为以货币单位来表示的名义货币供给和以流通中货币所能购买的商品和服务表示的实际货币供给等两种形式。
  货币供给的环节
  中央银行供给基础货币
  商业银行创造存款记账货币
  中央银行供给基础货币有三种途径:
  变动其储备资产,在外汇市场买卖外汇或贵金属;
  变动对政府的债权,进行公开市场操作
,买卖政府债券  变动对商业银行的债权,对商业银行办理再贴现业务或发放再贷款

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