推荐回答（2个）
海啸是一种巨大的波浪运动，其波高最大时可达数十米，起伏陡峻，俨如峭壁，而且来势汹涌，奔腾迅速。当这种能量极大的“水墙”冲上陆地时，会对生命和财产带来严重的危害。海啸可由各种原因引起，与海底地震或海底火山爆发的关系最为密切。这种海啸通常称为地震海啸。迄今为止，世界上影响范围最大、危害最严重的一次，是1960年5月发生在南美洲智利中南部的海底地震所造成的巨大海啸。
大地震是5月21日开始的，一直持续到6月23日，先后共发生225次不同震级的地震，其中有10次震级大于里氏7级，3次超过8级，最强烈的一次达8.9级，震中海底最大上升量达3～4米，最大下沉量有2米，受地震影响的范围广及南北700多公里。在世界地震记载史中，象这样震级高、持续时间长、波及面广的大地震是不多见的。震后不久，海水忽然迅速退落，露出了最低潮线以下的海底。过了10～20分钟，海水骤涨，平均波高10米、最大波高达25米的巨浪迅猛地直冲海岸。海水如此一涨一落，持续半天之久，本已被震垮成废墟的沿岸一带，又频遭海浪冲刷，便使一切荡然无存。据称，在这次地震加海啸中，智利有上万人死亡和失踪，有200万人无家可归。
遭受海啸灾害的不仅是智利，海啸波又以平均每小时700公里的速度，横扫太平洋。海啸波到达夏威夷群岛只用了15小时，在这里最大的波高为9米，海水冲毁了岛上的防波堤，破坏了沿岸的建筑物，淹没了大片土地。海啸波走完17000公里的路程，到达太平洋彼岸的日本时，最大波高仍有8.1米，使日本本州和北海道沿岸同样遭到极大的破坏，甚至把沿海的大渔轮抛向高出海平面几米、深入陆地40多米的码头，最后跌落在房屋的断垣残壁之间。
海啸移动了上万公里，尚有如此巨大的威力，而在大洋行进途中却是感觉不出来的，即使船舶相遇，也可安然无恙。这是因为海啸波在深海远洋传播时，尽管速度很快，但波高是很小的，一般不足1米。但是一旦传到近岸浅海以后，由于底部摩擦增大，使波速减慢，而后面的海水运动比前面要快，这就会形成海水的大量堆积，波高骤然变大，波形变陡，能量集中，以致带来巨大的破坏力。
2004年12月26日印度洋大地震和海啸已经造成22.6万人死亡
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