白描修辞手法 用白描的修辞手法造句

2025-03-06 23:52:34
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

白描是中国画技法名,指单用墨色线条勾描形象而不施彩色的画法;白描也是文学表现手法之一,主要用朴素简练的文字描摹形象,不重词藻修饰与渲染烘托。

白描要求运用极简省的语言,描摹景物的特征,反映作者的感情。

如鲁迅《故乡》的开头:“时候既然是深冬,渐近故乡时,天气又阴晦了,冷风吹进船舱中,呜呜的响,从篷隙向外一望,苍黄的天底下,远近横着几个萧索的荒村,没有一些活气。”寥寥数语,几笔勾勒,不但将故乡的深冬阴晦天色笼罩的原野,尽收笔底;而且字里行间,表露了蕴含在作者内心深处的深沉的悲凉。

白描手法用于叙事,使人感到线条明晰,言简意真。

如《儒林外史》写范进看中举的报帖:“......看了一遍,又念一遍,自己把两手拍了一下,笑了一声,道‘噫!好了!我中了!’说着,往后一交跌倒,牙关咬紧,不省人事。......”.作者抓住人物的动作,惟妙惟肖地描写了事态的发展。

用白描手法刻画人物,三言两语就能依风景或环境,间接揭示出人物的外貌、神态、心理活动,使读者如见其人。

如鲁迅笔下的孔乙己,“身材很高大;青白脸色,皱纹间时常夹些伤痕;一部乱蓬蓬的花白的胡子”,“穿的虽然是长衫,可是又脏又破,似乎十多年没有补,也没有洗”。这些描写,犹如用几条墨线,简单几笔,特征显露,尽传神态。

与绘画一样,无论工笔还是彩墨,无论水彩还是油画,都可自成一格,各有特色;文学创作上的白描手法与其它手法并不相斥。

2

王愿坚《七根火柴》中有两段文字,一段是无名战士把七根火柴交给卢进勇时:

“ 同志,你看着… …那同志向卢进勇招招手,等他凑近了,便伸开一个僵直的手指,小心翼翼地一根根拨弄着火柴,口里小声数着:一、二、三、四… …”

另一段是,卢进勇赶上部队,把火柴交给指导员时:

“卢进勇悄悄走到后卫连指导员的身边。映着那闪闪跳动的火光,他用颤抖的手指打开了那本党证,把剩下的六根火柴一根根递到指导员的手里,同时,以一种异样的声调在数着:

„一、二、三、四… …‟”

两段中,通过简简单单的两个 “一、二、三、四… …”的白描,使我们展开丰富的联想,能真切的感受到战士们崇高的内心世界。读第一个“一、二、三、四… …”我们仿佛看到无名战士要把自己用生命保护下来的火柴交给卢进勇时,抑制不住激动的心情,心里在说,我有火柴呀,七根呢,你看!说出了一。在数二时伤口一疼,声音很低,很短。数三时他在跟疼痛做斗争,也在积聚所有的生命的力量,他尽可能的深吸了一口气,把三四由低到高的挤了出去,而且说四时他声音坚定,目光坚定。他仿佛看到了,围着火堆,战士们在养精蓄锐;枪林弹雨中,战士们在冲锋杀敌… …说完四后他嘴角有笑,面容安详。第二个“一、二、三、四… …”是卢进勇赶上部队,完成了无名战士的重托,把火柴交给了组织时说的。说一时他的心情是神圣的,庄重的。说二时,想起无名战士在草地牺牲的情景,他两眼噙满泪水,声音发颤。数三时,卢进勇语气中充满了完成任务的放松与欣慰。数四时,想到红军北上抗日的大业,这火柴将点燃轰轰烈烈的抗日烽火,语气高昂奋进。相信,每个读过此文的人都不会忘记这简简单单的四个字的“一、二、三、四… …”

3、在动作描写中,运用白描手法,可使人物内心情感的表露更准确、语言凝练。

看魏巍的散文《我的老师》中的描写:

“仅仅有一次,他的教鞭好象要落下来,我用石板一迎,教鞭轻轻地敲在石板边上,大伙笑了,他也笑了。”

就在这平平实实的字里行间,蔡老师对学生们的关爱,如一股涓涓细流,从每名读者的心中涓涓流出,绵长深远。

描写手法类——烘托/渲染、衬托/对比/烘托、白描/工笔、虚实/动静 诗人抒情言志离不开景物描写,而景物描写方法又是复杂多样的。从景物描写手法上来鉴赏,一般要注意作者观察和描写的角度(正面和侧面、实写和虚写、动景与静景、远景与近景、形色声味等),要把握和分析景物描写的表现手法(烘托和渲染、白描和工笔、对比和衬托、比兴手法、象征手法等),要理解和辨析描写景物的修辞手法(比喻、拟人、对比、夸张、借代、用典、对偶等)。

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